Annotated Bibiography Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bibiography - Annotated Bibliography Example This is a book that gives a succinct discussion of the criminal justice and the imperfection associated with it. Written by experienced criminologist, the books present essays that describe injustices such as wrongful conviction in various nations. The authors also outline a number of recommendations deemed as necessary to stop the trend where the innocent are being punished by the legal systems. Most important, the book gives an elaborate explanation of how exonerated individuals can be compensated. Throughout his essay, the author underscores the value of carrying out the right investigation process before charging suspects of crimes. Janet Roberts & Elizabeth Stanton. (2007, November 25). A Long Road Back After Exoneration, and Justice Is Slow to Make Amends. New York Times (Late Edition (east Coast), p. 1.38. Retrieved November 2, 2011, from ProQuest National Newspapers Core. (Document ID: 1387902671). In their article, Roberts and Stanton present reveal the challenges faced by people who have been released after being charged for crimes they never commuted. Reporting on a case of Vincent Moto, a man released from prisons 9 years after serving for a wrongful conviction. The authors also interviewed a number of people released from prison after DNA test found not guilty. The article further describes that most of the people exonerated from prison lacked compensation and had to contend with moving from one job to another. With more findings from the Innocence project, the article indicates that few people receive compensation after being exonerated. In his work, Lizotte examines the case of criminal sanctioning, which he believes to be characterized by discrimination. He further discusses three forms of discrimination that are found in the sentencing of prisoners. Using data from the Chicago trial, Lizotte reported that many of non-white were more likely to be incarcerated as compared to

Duke Ellington Essay Example for Free

Duke Ellington Essay Duke Ellington was born on April 29, 1899 in Washington, D. C. Ellington was an influential American jazz composer, pianist, and bandleader. His popularity grew leaps and bounds after his death. The nickname ‘Duke’ was given to him by a childhood friend who admired his regal demeanour. The name caught on with audiences and he became famous for instrumental combinations, improvisation, and jazz. He started studying keyboard at the age of seven and by seventeen he had made a professional debut. His move to New York City in 1923 brought him one step closer to his worldwide success and recognition years later. Ellington and his band played for everyone from Queen Elizabeth II to President Nixon and teamed up with greats such as Miles Davis, Cab Calloway, Dizzy Gillespie, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett and Louis Armstrong. His achievements include his honorary doctorate from Howard and Yale University. He was also a member of the American Institute of Arts and Letters. He was elected as the first jazz musician member of the Royal Music Academy in Stockholm and won and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in America. In addition to this, he was awarded the Legion of Honor by the French Government. He became one of the most well-known African-American celebrities of the twentieth century. While recording with record companies he also appeared in several films. Ellington also joined the Alpha Phi Alpha, the first black Greek letter fraternity. The suave and witty Ellington described his musical style as American music rather than just jazz. Some very impressive musicians served in his orchestra and remained with the organizations for many years. Although, many of them were noteworthy in their own right but it was Ellington’s creativity and musical brilliance that made them into one of the best orchestral units in the history of Jazz. Some of his major compositions include Mood Indigo, Sophisticated Lady, Satin Doll, Do Nothing Til You Hear From Me and I Let a Song Go Out Of My Heart. His music had the ability to change style, adapt and grow within each era. An example of this is The Hot Jazz of the 1920s which changed into the Swing music in the 1930s. This is one of the major reasons why the Ellington Orchestra was able to hold its own for so many years. When Jazz music became increasingly popular in America, Ellington spontaneously improvised his simple themes to more creative orchestration while uniquely combining tone quality. He innovated his music along the way by carefully attending to structure and balance within his jazz arrangements at the same time allowing for solo improvisations. He had an ability to create fresh sound by drawing instruments from different sections of the band and voicing them together as a unit. Piano players like James P. Johnson and Willie The Lion Smith influenced his incredible piano technique. He died on May, 24 1974, in New York City. Ellington will be forever remembered as an ambassador of American music and culture for his enormous contributions to American music. Jazz music could not have developed in America without Ellington’s efforts. His estimated two thousand compositions, arrangements, and collaborations continue to move people worldwide. WORKS CITED: †¢ â€Å"Duke Ellington. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 7 Feb 2007, 21:16 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 7 Feb 2007 http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Duke_Ellingtonoldid=106404877. †¢ â€Å"Edward K. (Duke) Ellington†. G. Shimmer Inc. April 2002. http://www. schirmer. com/default. aspx? TabId=2419State_2872=2ComposerId_2872=2311 †¢ â€Å"A Centennial Tribute to Duke Ellington†. Howard University Library. 28 June 1999. http://www. founders. howard. edu/ellington/default. htm

Carnal Knowledge by Boyle Essay -- Carnal Knowledge Boyle Essays Paper

Carnal Knowledge by Boyle In the story â€Å"Carnal Knowledge†, by T. Coraghessan Boyle, Jim is the main character who loves to eat meat. He would love nothing more than to enjoy a dinner of â€Å"Beef, mutton, pork, venison, dripping burgers, and greasy ribs†. (1107) However, Jim’s cravings for â€Å"Kentucky Fried or Chicken McNuggets† were no match for Alena Jorgensen. (1108) Alena is an obsessive animal rights activist whom Jim met while laying on the beach feeling sorry for himself. When a person has feelings of depression and loneliness it can be very easy for another person to come into their life and change their whole persona. Jim had just turned 30 and was feeling depressed for not having anyone in his life. After dozing on the beach awhile Jim awoke to an â€Å"unmistakable odor†, he’d been pissed on.(1108) He first heard Alena’s voice after cursing the dog. Alena is a very attractive girl and Jim fell for her immediately. Alena and Jim left the beach to go clean the piss off his clothes at Alena’s house. While waiting for the clothes to dry, they began a conversation about animal rights. Animal rights are a huge issue in Alena’s life. Jim never paid much attention to the issue but because of Alena’s beauty and kindness he was willing to listen. Jim’s feeling of loneliness has a big impact on his view of Alena. If Jim met another girl that day on the beach, and who was not as attractive he would have acted very different. Jim was very vulnerable at that moment and needed som... Carnal Knowledge by Boyle Essay -- Carnal Knowledge Boyle Essays Paper Carnal Knowledge by Boyle In the story â€Å"Carnal Knowledge†, by T. Coraghessan Boyle, Jim is the main character who loves to eat meat. He would love nothing more than to enjoy a dinner of â€Å"Beef, mutton, pork, venison, dripping burgers, and greasy ribs†. (1107) However, Jim’s cravings for â€Å"Kentucky Fried or Chicken McNuggets† were no match for Alena Jorgensen. (1108) Alena is an obsessive animal rights activist whom Jim met while laying on the beach feeling sorry for himself. When a person has feelings of depression and loneliness it can be very easy for another person to come into their life and change their whole persona. Jim had just turned 30 and was feeling depressed for not having anyone in his life. After dozing on the beach awhile Jim awoke to an â€Å"unmistakable odor†, he’d been pissed on.(1108) He first heard Alena’s voice after cursing the dog. Alena is a very attractive girl and Jim fell for her immediately. Alena and Jim left the beach to go clean the piss off his clothes at Alena’s house. While waiting for the clothes to dry, they began a conversation about animal rights. Animal rights are a huge issue in Alena’s life. Jim never paid much attention to the issue but because of Alena’s beauty and kindness he was willing to listen. Jim’s feeling of loneliness has a big impact on his view of Alena. If Jim met another girl that day on the beach, and who was not as attractive he would have acted very different. Jim was very vulnerable at that moment and needed som...

Does War Affect Literature

Many writers use the environment, political issues, or social issues as inspiration to their work. During romanticism nature imagery was a common occurrence in literature. However does on particular issue effect writers so much that a new literature movement is sprung from it? I pose the question what were considerable differences between Victorian literature and Modernism and how did the Great War play apart in those differences?Was it because of the war that there was the Victorian Era and Modernism or was it bound to be a new literary movement with or ithout the Great War. I pose to answer these questions to the best of my ability in this paper. The Victorian era took place from 1830 – 1901, which is almost the exact same time frame that Queen Victoria reined thus the name Victorian Era. Writers during this time were at an awe trying to respond to the expansion of the country due to the industrialization going on at the time. Reactions it the changes going on at that time w ere numerous between writers and the people.Some welcomed the changes, while others challenged the changes because they found them to be threatening to their raditions. While others felt that breaking away from the traditions was more freeing than trying to maintain this conventional life. The Victorian Era was full of liveliness surrounding the social and industrial changes that were going on at the time. Nevertheless with all the change some things are bound to stay the same, Great Britain was still in a great deal of debt. Even though national debt was at an all time high the British banks continued to borrow money.Brantlinger says borrowing money is the best way of sustaining credit in his book, the debt that the country was n played a major role in the literature and art of the time because money is used in everyday life. Whether you were paying with credit or ready money determined whether or not you would eat that night. During the Victorian Era writers focused most of their literature on social differences in social classes and reform. During this time society's interpretation reined supreme over personal interpretation. During that time writer such as John Stuart Mill, Charles Dickens, Oscar Wilde emerged.John Stuart Mill shed more light on the philosophical idea of Utilitarianism. John Stuart Mill son of Philosopher James Mill was a close friend to the creator of Utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism is the doctrine that actions are morally and socially acceptable if they benefit the majority. John Stuart Mill used this doctrine to preach reform in the social classes. John Stuart Mill felt that the government should work on the living conditions of working and lower class people. This philosophical idea was used to argue in most political arguments during the Victorian period.Even when it came time for parliament to decide whether to continue to borrow money from allied ountries, this greater good philosophy came into play. An idea that rema ins strong and has stand the test of time still being used by philosophers today. Charles Dickens was renowned to be one of the greatest novelists of the Victorian Era. His works were heavy on sub textual references. He enjoyed creating then breaking down meanings and interruptions. Otten times ne put some ot his own person experiences into his work.Fore example in his novel â€Å"Oliver Twist†, Charles Dickens himself once lived in an orphanage after his father was thrown into debtor prison like many people during this time period. While using â€Å"Oliver Twist† to somewhat tell his life story, he was also using a very melancholy type of humor reminiscent of other authors during the time. Mid Victorian era literary realism appeared, Writers and artist began to incorporate the industrial work and the excessive use of credit in the country into their work likewise discussing the social conventions of the time.Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest takes a Jab at Victorian social conventions in this satire filled play. Beside the play making fun at the Victorian Era it also marked the end of an era and the start of Modernism and also the events leading up to the Great War. The Great War began in summer on 1914 with the assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungry, once Britain entered the war they quickly asked for both financial and military assistance from allies and colonies of theirs. By entering the Great War, a greater financial strain was put on to both the country and the people.Britain fell further into debt with the United States as the war continued to rage on and on. Besides Britain suffering financially, on the battlefield the men were suffering. Spending countless days and nights in muddy blood filled trenches to stay out of the line of fire. A new type of warfare emerged through the bloodshed, poison gas. All you saw on the battlefields during were gas masks gas, gas, and gas. Chlorine gas killed more soldiers than actual bullets during this war. Most men who enlisted to fght during the Great War were dead men walking.Chlorine gas was a favorite weapon of the Germans as Duffy has told us. However soldiers went the only ones being choked to death so to speak. Freedom of speech was being silenced in Britain by the Defense of the Realm Act in 194, besides silencing the people election were deferred during the war. Britain was becoming a place were the people no longer aw eye to eye with the government. The working class was now truly breaking away from the idea of the Victorian period; they no longer wanted to survive Just solely on credit in fear of losing everything if they were not able to pay their bills on time.This war made the people actually see what was going on in their country and in their government and it began to spill over into literature and arts. Literature went from discussing social class and poverty to describing battlefields in great details and questioning the readers' moral Judgme nt. Modernism directly followed the Victorian Era. It is said that Modernism started in 1901 and lasted until the 1960's or 70's. I believe it was small changes in art and literature started in 1901 but Modernism did not really begin to appear until during the Great War and everything after.It was a conscious break from traditional art, subjective, full of alienation and despair while also rejecting the past. Modernism is extremely different from Victorian Literature, while modernism focuses on how the readers will interpretation the work and not society. Where in Victorian literature it was society's interpretation trumps everything. Also during this time both World Wars had occurred giving writers at the time even more to write about and shed their own opinions on.This period was a time where experimentation and individualism were encouraged most things about the past were thrown to the side and discouraged like writing about social conventions or painting pictures ot a dinner sce ne. Also Modernism unlike Victorian Era gives you a clear definition on what to expect from literature and art during that time period. I attribute the mast amount of differences between the two literary periods to the dark cloud that was hanging over Britain and its people once the Great War was over. People were questioning both their countrys morality and their own patriotism.Just like the Victorian Era there were great Modernism authors. Authors like Joseph Conrad, T. S Eliot, and Wilfred Owen all with very similar dark styles that you can attribute to the Great War. Joseph Conrad still known for his short story The Heart of Darkness and novel â€Å"The Nigger of the Narcissus†. Both works drift far away from the traditional standards of the Victorian Era and was a true work of modernism. The slow dark story of The Heart of Darkness was a story whose major theme was savagery versus civilization while traveling through Africa. That was something that was not seen at that t ime.This story made people question savagery and civilization. Everyone has a little savage in them but how much is too much and you cross the line of being uncivilized. This was a very big question during the Great War, what was too much? What was considered uncivilized? That was a question that was constantly raised during the Great War. Besides questioning civilization Conrad had a dark way about his work similar to another Modernism writer. The Heart Of Darkness was dark story about a voyage, a voyage that many of us could never dream of making or going on.A voyage that would test the morality of most men, Just like the Great War tested the morality of most of its soldiers. Was it morally acceptable to continuously heave poison gas back and forth at each other? T. S Eliot was a dark writer with his works such as â€Å"The Hollow Men†, a poem that begins by quoting Conrad's The Heart of Darkness and mimicking its darkness for entirety of the poem. Unlike the Conrad's story , which questioned what is civilized and what is not this poem, speaks of the end of the world and humanity, as we know. The poem discusses us as humans losing our individuality and becoming empty.While reading â€Å"The Hollow Men†, I questioned was humanity lost after the Great War with all of the unnecessary bloodshed and death. People in Britain became empty and inhuman after the Great War. Besides his dark works T. S Eliot's poems are prime examples of Modernism. Poems like â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and â€Å"The Wasteland† both poems were bold and broke far away from everything Victorian. In Eliot's â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† he broke away from tradition with a title that has on particular inference to anything in the poem, there was no love in this poem.Modernism is all about being different and T. S Eliot did that. He also wrote with a style that forced readers to read his work several times to grasp the different meaning, with his lines like the muttering retreats, of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels. Which could be interpreted as he had a considerable amount of one- night stands or he traveled a great deal and was in a different city every night. The interpretation varies from reader to reader another characteristic of Modernism. Lastly Eliot's work do not fit any type of cookie cutter mold, Eliot focused only on † The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock†. Solely on his chaotic thinking and perception of his ife. He's not worried about what social effect his poem has on the world. This poem shows he does not care if the reader can even understand his thought process completely subjective like Modernism works should be. Wilfred Owen another author to nave works published during Modernism. Owen is known tor his war poems classifying him as a war poet. Many of his poems describe British soldiers after or during battle. Most famously known for his poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Es t† which was published towards the end of the Great War.In his poem Owen paints a gruesome picture of English troops dying from poison gas. The same young men that were so anxious to fght for their country are now tired covered in blood and barely alive. At the end of the poem Owen uses Just a bit of satire after describing this horrible scene. Owen's tells us that it is sweet and right to die for your country. Owen tells readers the old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mor. But really how sweet is it to choke to death for your country. I bet most soldier would rather be shot than to die choking on a cloud of poison gas.The Great War made it possible for works like â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† to be created and become popular for the reason that it is ust like a car crash people will slow down to watch, so if a writer is describing the horrors of the battlefield people will slow down and read it. Just like the writers I described before Owen's his works our faultless examples of Modernism and how the war contributed to the development of the literary movement and the clear differences between Victorian era and Modernism. After writing this paper I know have an improved understanding of what was going on in Britain Pre war and after.I also can further see the differences between the two literary movements, the topic that were debated on plus by what means the topics were conversed about. The primary topic in literature during the Victorian Era were the remarkable differences between the social classes and the living conditions of the mast majority of citizens in Britain during this time. Most of these works were Jam-packed with humor to try to contradict the dim truth about the horrible situations many citizens had to deal with on the day to day.Spending countless hours each day working low paying Jobs in factories, orphans on the street begging for money because their parents were locked in debtors' prison. As much as authors complained of the living conditions and he need for social reform in the country, they still remained very patriotic. Nevertheless once the Great War began both the country and the literature started to change. I expected the change but I did not expect to see such a massive change in the short four-year timespan of the Great War.Even though the textbooks roughly estimates that Modernism began before the Great War on the other hand authentic Modernism did not appear until the war began. That is because most Modernism literature questioned actions that occurred during the war. Actions like use of poison gas, trench warfare, and imperialism. Modernism was also a decline in the patriotism that was apparent in Victorian literature. The Great war made writers break from caring about the entirety of the countries issues and focus only on what interests them.For Wilfred Owen it was war, Joseph Conrad focused on imperialism and questioning morality. To answer the question I posed in my introduction the Great War played apart in making the differences between Victorian era and Modernism because it gave authors a new topic to discuss and new moral to question. Pre-war authors did not have to question the acts of their countries soldiers if they were morally acceptable or not. The last question I posed – was it because of the Great war that Modernism appear or was it bound to be another literary movement with or without the war.After doing this paper I believe that it was bound to be another movement without the war i t is Just that the war gave authors the push needed speed up the movement. In the end I can say that war does affect literature.

Family and True Feelings

In many cases, it is often shown that in order to avoid issues such as death, people choose to keep their guard up instead of opening up to one another. Death is a topic that is usually kept unspoken of when one is not ready for another to pass. People, families especially, tend to keep quiet or set up a front enabling one from expressing their true feelings on the issue. There is struggle between letting our feelings out, and being able to act as a strong figure is often shown in literature, such as poetry.In her poem, â€Å"Legacies,† Nikki Giovanni shows how families choose to make the topic of death a â€Å"touchy† subject, instead of being open about it, which is shown through her characters, the grandmother and the granddaughter. In â€Å"Legacies,† Nikki Giovanni shows the struggle that the grandmother and the granddaughter endure when the topic of death is brought up. This struggle can be brought up when tradition is being passed down. Whether the person wants to accept it or not, the tradition is being passed down because death is in the future.The grandmother wants the granddaughter to learn how to make rolls, which is a long running family tradition. The grandmother, trying to avoid the obvious reason, does not explain why the granddaughter would have to learn how to make the rolls. Instead of reaching out to her granddaughter, the grandmother brushes it off and says, â€Å"Lord these children. † In response to the grandmothers statement about making the rolls, the granddaughter says that she does not want learn the tradition

Using the Spanish Verb Saber

Using the Spanish Verb Saber Saber is a common verb whose basic meaning is to have knowledge or to have knowledge of. Although it is often translated as to know, it should not be confused with conocer, which also is often translated as to know. The basic meaning of saber can be seen most clearly when it is followed by a noun or a phrase functioning as a noun:  ¿Sabe alguien los horarios de los buses desde el aeropuerto? Does anyone know the times of the buses from the airport?Nuestra presidente no sabe inglà ©s. Our president doesnt know English.No se sabe mucho de su muerte. Not much is known about his death.Sà © bien la verdad. I know the truth well.Nunca sabemos el futuro. We never know the future. When followed by an infinitive, saber often means to know how: El que no sabe escuchar no sabe entender. The one who doesnt know how to listen doesnt know how to understand.No saben escribir en cursiva. They dont know how to write in cursive.El problema era que los dos no sabà ­amos nadar. The problem was that the two of us didnt know how to swim. Saber can mean to find out. This is especially true when it is used in the preterite tense: Supe que todos tenemos cosas en comà ºn. I found out that all of us have things in common.Nunca supieron que estaban equivocados. They never found out that they were mistaken. In context, saber can be used to say to have news about someone or something: No sà © nada de mi madre. I dont have any news about my mother. The phrase saber a can be used to indicate what something tastes like: Yo no he comido iguana, pero se dice que sabe a pollo. I havent eaten iguana, but they say it tastes like chicken. Remember that saber is conjugated irregularly.

Sexual Education in Public School Essay

Sexual Education in Public School Essay Sexual Education in Public School Essay Example Sexual Education in Public School Essay Example The arguments concerning the necessity of sexual education appeared many years ago. Some parents and representatives of religious organizations are against any form of sexual education in public schools considering that it should be carried out by families or religious establishments. However, according to the article â€Å"Sex Education in Schools† (2015), the majority of parents and teachers think that the involvement of schools in the process of sexual education is necessary. Sexual education should be carried out in public schools, because it helps the adolescents to determine themselves as the representatives of a certain gender, to understand their roles in the society, become able to distinguish the erotic feelings from esthetic ones, to avoid sexual pressure and to prevent undesirable pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Should Sexual Education Be Taught in Public School? Since the ancient time, the problem of sexual education has belonged to the most complex and neglected issues in the branches of pedagogics and psychology. The sexual education is one of the general spheres of education for a person, but it is peculiar due to its taboo nature. If other branches of education are more or less expressed and may be taught by an example and corrected by advice, many aspects of sexual education will remain prohibited, even if it is only the terminology. Nowadays the situation concerning the sexual education has changed. It is caused by the puberty at a younger age, early sexual relations and social factors. To help young boys and girls find their place in the society, it is necessary to unite the efforts of parents, teachers and psychologists. The problems of sexual education are related to the methodical equipment of the process and the unsuitability of the available materials. The mass production and usage of literature about the processes of conception and childbirth the issues of which are not controlled by the authoritative organizations cause a concern for psychologists and parents. Many of these books that were designed for kids do not conform to the requirements for children’s literature. They do not take into account the level of the development of the child’s perception when using the illustrative material. When adapting books for schoolchildren and teenagers, the author should follow the existing standards a nd the feelings of children of different ages. This situation takes place due to the fact that psychologists and pedagogues are not involved in the process of development of such material. The incompetent usage of such literature may cause a misunderstanding of a range of facts and the development of an incorrect attitude to the intimate information. The aims and tasks of sexual education are fully determined by the interests of the society. It is important to educate a person in order for him/her to understand one’s role in the society. The sexual consciousness is a set of knowledge that forms the motivation to be a human and to belong to a certain gender. According to Riley-Smith (2015), the main task of the teachers is to take into account the sexual and psychological peculiarities of each child and to help them feel as parts of society. From the pedagogical point of view, a gender is a biosocial feature of a person. It is determined by the genetic and social structures, because its reflection in the behavior and actions is the result of sexual education and the influence of the environment. When investigating the notion of gender as a biosocial feature of a person, it can be assumed that sexual intelligence of a child is shaped by gender role socialization. The leading mechanisms of this socialization are gender identification and differentiation. Gender socialization is an inevitable part of the socialization process, which includes three components: To determine him/herself as a representative of a certain gender; To develop gender preferences and values; To form behavior that is typical for a representative of a specific gender. On one hand, gender identification is the authentication of a person in relation to the representatives of a certain sex. It may be revealed as the adoption of the behavioral norms typical for a certain sex and the orientation towards its requirements. Gender differentiation, on the other hand, is the division of a person from the representatives of the opposite sex based on the morphological and physiological features, on the basis of which masculinity and femininity are determined. The sexual education at schools should include psychological and pedagogical, medical and biological, social and hygienic work with children and adolescents. This approach is designed to provide a correct functioning of physiological systems of the organism as well as proper sexual development of a child from the physical, moral and esthetic points of view. It should teach them to control their sexual feelings and not to confuse them with the esthetic ones. Erotic feelings may appear at an early age, and with time they may strengthen and obtain different shapes. That is the main reason why the problem of sexual education is one of the most complex issues in the pedagogical sphere. Every day at schools and in families there appears a chain of difficult questions, but no book can provide the answers. Sexual education has extreme importance for the further development of a child, his or her attitude to marriage, alternative sexual orientation and the future or existing sexual relations and behaviors. Proper knowledge gives an opportunity to avoid problems connected with the sexually transmitted infections and undesirable pregnancies. Unfortunately, not all parents and educational establishments can provide children with the necessary information. Hence, there appear mistrust and misunderstanding. Recently there has appeared a tendency for the expansion of sexual education in public schools. However, more attention is paid to the prevention of AIDS than to the sexual education itself. Thus, the students only receive information on how to avoid pregnancies. Unfortunately, the systems of education differ from state to state and include different content. Many schools do not have time to deal with such topics as homosexual orientation. The practical value of classes that start in the secondary school is much lower than that of those that start in the primary one. Consequently, the efficiency of the school sexual education is lower from the point of view of its real influence on the behavior of teenagers. The physiological changes of the body of an adolescent and the increased production of sexual hormones cause the changes in the relations between the two genders that already have social and moral coloring. Parents and teachers should know and remember it. They should not limit the sexual education to the hygiene tips and advice about the safety of the processes of menstruation and wet dreams and the necessary hygiene measures connected with these notions. They have to evaluate physiological changes in the broader sense. According to the article â€Å"Sex Education Should be Mandatory in All Schools†, one of the most successful sexual education programs includes the psychological aid that helps teenagers to avoid sexual pressure (The Guardian, 2015). The propaganda of abstinence may have good results only among the students who do not have any sexual experience. In any other situation, the usage of this approach is unreasonable taking into account the moral norms of the contemporary society. Besides, this approach has certain pressure, as in the end, it is an attempt to threaten the adolescents, which may cause an opposite reaction. The teenagers who have already had sexual experience will not choose an alternative model of behavior. It is necessary at least to explain the methods of pregnancy prevention by using contraceptive means. During adolescence, it is of vital importance to prevent any emotional and stressful situations as well as mental traumas that may have an influence on the life of a child. One of the most frequent reasons are the undesirable pregnancies of friends, sexually transmitted infections and diseases connected with them, and even a possibility go get infected in the process of sexual relation. Multiple family problems may be caused by traumas that have taken place during adolescence. The teachers and professional psychologists can help adolescents to avoid possible stress by providing them with unbiased information and psychological aid. The most effective solution includes compromise that highlights the importance of sexual abstinence and provides an adolescent with alternative strategies of behavior. To carry out this approach, the following steps should be: To motivate an adolescent to take independent and correct decisions; To provide teenagers with the information representing undesirable consequences of early pregnancy and sexually-transmitted infections; To provide the adolescents who have chosen abstinence with the necessary psychological aid; To promote the establishment of the mutual understanding between teenagers and their parents; To provide highly qualified consultations and medical aid to everyone who needs it. The key factor in reducing the number of undesirable pregnancies among adolescents is the development of the feeling of responsibility among young men when it comes to the usage of contraceptives. According to the article â€Å"State Policies on Sex Education in Schools† (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2015), the United States have the highest teen birth rate in the industrialized world. The information about pregnancy prevention may guarantee the correct practical usage of contraception. However, in this case, sexual education should not be limited only to the school level, but it should also be carried out by the state and mass media. It is necessary for these programs to be practically directed and to provide the adolescents with the information about where the contraceptives may be bought, how the feeling of awkwardness when buying them may be avoided, why it is necessary to reconcile their usage with the partner, and why it is important to use them on a regula r basis. It is vital to understand that the sexual education of adolescents cannot be successful if it is concentrated only on the biological aspects and the negative consequences. School programs will be inefficient if they do not deal with such aspects the intimate relations between people and the existence of different sexual orientations. Besides, if sexual relations between adolescents are assumed to be harmful and not to bring any joy and pleasure, this program will not cause anything but harm to those for whom it is designed. Thus, the sexual education of children in schools is required, because it helps them to determine themselves as the representatives of a certain gender and to understand their role in the society. They become able to distinguish erotic feelings from esthetic ones, to avoid sexual pressure and to prevent undesirable pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. This education helps to develop the feelings of responsibility and has to be carried out in public schools.

Quartz Triboluminescence

Quartz Triboluminescence Many minerals and chemical compound display triboluminescence, which is light produced when chemical bonds are broken. Two minerals that exhibit triboluminescence are diamond and quartz. The procedure to produce the light is so simple, you should try it right now! Feel free to use diamonds, but be aware the light is produced when the crystal lattice is damaged. Quartz, on the other hand, is the most abundant mineral in the Earths crust, so you should probably start with that. Quartz Triboluminescence Materials You need any form of quartz, which is crystalline silicon dioxide (SiO2). You dont have to sacrifice perfect quartz crystal points for this project! Most gravel contains quartz. Play sand is mostly quartz. Go outside and find two semitranslucent rocks. Chances are good they are quartz. How to See the Light First, make sure the quartz is dry. The phenomenon occurs when the crystal lattice is torn apart by friction or compression. Wet quartz is slippery, so its presence will compromise your efforts.Gather your materials in a darkened location. It doesnt need to be pitch black, but light levels need to be low. Give your eyes a couple of minutes to adjust to make it easier to see the flashes of light.Method 1: Firmly rub together two pieces of quartz. See the flashes of light?Method 2: Strike one piece of quartz with another. Now, you may also get actual sparks using this method, plus you may chip off splinters of rock. Use eye protection if you go this route.Method 3: Walkthrough dry sand. This works well at a beach or in a sandbox, but the sand must be dry or else the water will cushion the crystals.Method 4: Crush a piece of quartz using pliers or a vise. This method is especially nice if you want to take a video of your project.Method 5: Do what the Uncompahgre  Ute did and fill a tr anslucent rattle with bits of quartz. Shake the rattle to see the glow. The native tribes used rattles made of rawhide, but a plastic bottle works fine, too. How Quartz Triboluminescence Works Triboluminescence sometimes is called cold light because no heat is produced. Material scientists believe the light results from a recombination of electrical charges that become separated when crystals are fractured. When the charges get back together, the air is ionized, producing a flash of light. Usually, materials that display triboluminescence are displayed an asymmetrical structure and are poor conductors. This is not a hard-and-fast rule, however, since other substances display the effect. Its not restricted to inorganic materials, either, since triboluminescence has been observed between vertebral joints, during blood circulation, and even during sexual intercourse. If its true the light results from ionization of air, you might expect all forms of triboluminescence in the air to produce the same color of light. However, many materials contain fluorescent substances that release photons when excited by the energy from triboluminescence. Thus, you can find examples of triboluminescence in just about any color. More Ways to See Triboluminescence Rubbing together diamonds or quartz is not the only easy way to observe triboluminescence. You can view the phenomenon by pulling apart two pieces of duck tape, by crushing wintergreen candies, or by pulling the Scotch tape from its roll (which also produces x-rays). The triboluminescence from the tape and the candies is a blue light, while the light from fracturing quartz is a yellow-orange. Reference Orel, V.E. (1989), Triboluminescence as a biological phenomenon and methods for its investigation, Book: Proceedings of the First International School Biological Luminescence: 131–147.

Mimesis, Plato and Arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mimesis, Plato and Arts - Essay Example This, despite the fact, that Baumgarten coined the term in 1735. Rather, it intends to raise the notion that mimesis and aesthetics have been considered as an integral in understanding both the human nature and the human condition in the story of humanity. In this context, mimesis and aesthetics draw us towards the notion that there is sustained effort in understanding the relationship between arts, society and humanity, as there is a continuing attempt to grasp beauty, forms, myth and structures in and through the arts. In this regard, Plato is no different from other eminent thinkers. In The Republic, Plato has provided one of sharpest arguments against mimesis and arts to the point that Plato proposed the position that the arts should be banned in the city (392a-401e; 595a). Plato’s concept of mimesis is complex (Cohn 45). However, it has been valuated as negative towards the arts (Schipper 200). Nonetheless, despite the seeming negative judgment to Plato’s stand, Pl ato is correct in ascertaining that any forms of mimetic arts should be prohibited. As the purpose of this paper is to create a deeper understanding mimesis vis-a-vis arts, it will attempt to address the following questions. First, what are the notions of mimesis relevant to arts? Second, what are the roles of imagination and play in mimetic exploration? Third, what is the value (or harm) of mimetic exploration? Finally, what is its connection to aesthetic value of a work of art? Recognizing the enormous academic literatures related to the subject matter, the study would focus on Plato’s theory of mimesis. ... It gained more impetus when the word mimio is associated with the term mimeisthai, which was used by Homer, to refer to the chorus of Maidens in the Hymn to Apollo who imitated the voices of all men and captivated the audience. As mimeisthai refer to imitation of voices in chorus, Aeschylus introduced the concept of mimeisthai as imitating movements of animals in Pindar. In addition, Aeschylus, in the play Theo roi, also instigated the idea of mimeisthai as referring to an object that has taken a realistic form by rendering its appearance as lifelike. (Halliwell 18 -19) From its evolving etymology, it can be observed that since the Ancient period the word mimesis has been used within the arts – poetry, music, dance and visual arts. In addition, the term is consistently associated with actions, both in the performing and visual arts, as imitating or mimicking others. As such, even during the Ancient period mimesis has been ‘praised’ in view of its effectiveness in deceiving others (Halliwell 20). These observable characteristics of the term mimesis are indispensable in understanding the reason why there are different conceptions of mimesis in relation to art. Conceptions of Mimesis The concept of mimeses has been approached from several perspectives. It is viewed as referring to imitation. It is ascribed to the dichotomy between truth and lies, and, it is considered as referring to the distinction between the interior feelings and sentiments of men and women vis-a-vis the outside world. Finally, it connotes the supposition that it assists in identifying the gap and tension between art and nature, imagination and creativity, illusion and idealism

What is my position on drug testing welfare recipients to receive Research Paper

What is my position on drug testing welfare recipients to receive their benefits - Research Paper Example Also this topic affects those who are and are not on welfare. Smith, Phillip.  Welfare. Digital image.  Raising Awareness of the Consequences of Prohibition. N.p., 26 Feb. 2013. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. In my research I have found to be two sides to this argument â€Å"Proponents say testing would help the recipients and protect taxpayers. Opponents argue that the practice is unconstitutional and mean-spirited.† (Vitter 141) Both parties make really convincing arguments and surely drove me crazy trying to choose a side â€Å"The proponents of drug testing welfare argue that it is irresponsible for any government to fund people who they know are using drugs† (Chelsea 2). It is true that there are drug addicts everywhere but let us faces the facts; they buy their drugs with their own money and do not depend on any government to finance their addiction. It is therefore illogical for any person on welfare to be addicted to any sort of drugs since they cannot even fend for the mselves and instead depend on welfare funds. Governments provide unemployed people with some amount of money to enable them take care of themselves as well as their children. However, it is common that most people on welfare do not use this money well and instead use it on drugs and other activities that are not beneficial at all. Statistics from the Temporary Assistance for the Needy says that around 50% of all people on welfare programs are addicted to drugs. â€Å"The results suggested that, contrary to popular opinion, most welfare recipients were not alcohol- or other drugdependent.† (Chelsea 2) it is also shown that out of this population, 75% cannot fend for themselves because of their dependency on drugs. ... This means that it is because of drugs that almost 40% of all people in welfare programs are on this programs. â€Å"It is therefore illogical for governments and other nongovernmental organizations to give out money to these same people to continue with their lifestyle† (Debate club 11). This is the reason why most people propose that before anyone enters a welfare program, they need to be tested to ensure that we are not funding drug addicts to continue with their addiction problems. Most politicians and other stakeholders argue that if this system is put in place, not only will most of the drug addicts stop due to financial constraints, they will have to so that they can get a chance to get into the program. This is therefore a long-term strategy to reduce drug abuse in the US. Debate club, â€Å"a meeting of the sharpest minds on the days most important topics†, 6 Match . 2012. Web. 28 Feb. 2013 When this matter got to the senate, it was an arguable issue and most p roponents argued that aid has to be provided based on reciprocal obligation. Reaction to the result from tested prisoners which showed that â€Å"Welfare-receiving arrestees were more likely to test positive for benzodiazepines (16 percent vs. 7 percent,/? < 0.01) and opiates (13 percent vs. 6 percent, p < 0.05)† (Yacoubian, 143)This was aThis means that whenever aid is given, there has to be some obligation by the person receiving this kind of help. â€Å"In West Virginia, delegate CraigBlair wants all welfare recipients to undergo drug testing as a condition of receiving welfare, unemployment compensation,† (Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly 1)This has to apply

Ecotourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ecotourism - Essay Example In addition, it will present two case studies of ecotourism. Ecotourism denotes a responsible form of tourism that promotes both environmental projects and the welfare of the people in the regions of interest (Baromey, 2008). It offers the tourism a great deal of pleasure and a connection with nature and people of different cultural diversities. Ecotourism seeks to create a unification front of environmental conservation, sustainable travel, and communities. Ecotourism operates within a variety of principles that act as guidelines in the venture. It seeks to minimize the impacts that come because of mass and uncontrolled tourism. It also focuses on creating an environmental and cultural awareness as well as respect. Ecotourism has the interests of the tourists as well and emphasizes strives to ensure that tourism derive a measure of satisfaction and have memories of good experiences. Moreover, ecotourism strives to provide the hosts with positive experiences. For ecotourism to prove effective, it must yield financial benefits towards all forms of conservation. The communities that surround tourist destination must derive benefits financially and a form of social empowerment. Ecotourism also focuses on highlighting the necessary sensitivity concerning a country’s social, political, and environmental climate (Buckley, 2004). According to Buckley (2009), ecotourism emerged in the 1980’s after a realization that majority of tourists preferred natural areas. Tourism trends were changing with increased visits to places that tourists interact and connect with nature. The debate and concerns about the environment gave ecotourism an enormous popularity enabling it to penetrate completely into the tourism industry. The term became very popular among tourism promoters. The growth of ecotourism progressed to maturity as many initial theories underwent the test of time and more realistic concepts adopted. The realistic concepts and definitions have come into p lace after evidence based on empirical data became available. Ecotourism has slowly become the most preferable form of tourism because of its sustainability. Sustainability in this context is in reference to its different aspects of promoting the environment, tourist experience, economic benefits and socio-cultural dimensions because of its sustainability, most tourist organizations on the national and international front advocate for ecotourism (Singh, 2010). Community-based approach is one of the strategies emphasize by some organizations. In this approach, the local communities inhabiting the natural areas considered a tourist destination often exercise a measure of control in the ecotourism project. They participate actively in the designing projects as well as the management. In addition, they receive a portion of the economic benefits. The level of contribution of different communities depends on the institutions in place. This implies that planning of a community-based ecotou rism requires an inclusion of initiatives within the community. Community-based have the potential of achieving several targets of ecotourism. From this approach, a community shifts to sustainable livelihood forms. In addition, the approach presents a community with the opportunity of direct contribution in conservation. Direct involvement of a community increases the benefits a community can derive from ecotourism and motivates the community to contribute more to conservation projects.

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

International Business Strategy - Essay Example 30% of the 1100 joint ventures shaped before 1967 between one of the US firm and the company from the other developed nation did not survive largely due to organisational or strategic changes made by the management (Killing, 1982). The paper attempts to explore some key reasons behind the failure of large IJVs; at the same, it will also find the specific success factors of IJVS in emerging economies. Cultural difference between partners is considered one of the principal reasons that come in the way to the success of joint ventures. Before forming a joint venture, the companies do not conduct compatibility analysis. Most of the time, their management style differs from each other. One could be more decentralised in its decision making process while the other partner believes in more control and does not provide enough freedom to its line staff. Even after forming a joint venture, no efforts are made to create a suitable mix among the staff making the joint venture nonfunctioning. Farkas and Avny (2003) argue, "Difference in organizational culture is the reason for performance gaps in joint ventures rather than national culture differences. They also state, "The influence of cultural difference on the performance of international joint ventures is indirect, but highly influenced by the level of trust between its partners†. The researchers studied those joint ventures where one of the partners hailed from Israel. Cultural differences between western multinational enterprises and Japanese companies have also been determined as the factor behind the failures of their joint ventures (Brown et al. 1989). Chryslers merger with Daimler is worth mentioning here that could not evoke successful outcomes due to cultural mismatch between them. The Chrysler division was a profitable division prior to merger but its performance deteriorated after the merger. Management undertook several layoffs at Chrysler following the merger that was never anticipated in the beginning.

Application 5.1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application 5.1 - Assignment Example With an approximate percentage of 85, the Northern and Southern American based dealers facilitate the sales using the created network (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 100). The company has expanded its operations by acquiring several retail outlets located in Berlin, New York, London, Hamburg, Munich and New Jersey. The concert bank program is the main company’s strategy that incorporates the use of local and international based dealers to distribute their products. It allows local and international artists who have hit their mark in their professions to assess different pianos in the outlets and pick one that best suits their needs. With the concert banks stocked with more than 300 pianos located in more than 160 different cities, the company greatly benefits from its engagement with these successful artists (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 101). It is able to market some of its brands using the name of the performer who is publicly known. Numerous artistic skills are consolidated in order to come up with a grand Steinway concert piano. Different methods have been formulated however the process has maintained is basic initial processes since they have always produced definable results. More than 12000 parts of the grand piano have to be handcrafted before they are perfectly fit to each other to complete the whole puzzle. The uniqueness of these pieces arise from the different types of tones, sound and touch incorporated in each of the pieces (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 101). Numerous activities are incorporated during the making of the piano such as wood drying, parts-making and finally the piano-making operations. Before the piano is set to be displayed and sold, the makers go through a final stage which is tone regulation. They are tuned to voice the Steinway sound as a unique form of identity (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 101). Steinway has proved its superiority in the grand piano market by acquiring superb market

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

International Business Strategy - Essay Example 30% of the 1100 joint ventures shaped before 1967 between one of the US firm and the company from the other developed nation did not survive largely due to organisational or strategic changes made by the management (Killing, 1982). The paper attempts to explore some key reasons behind the failure of large IJVs; at the same, it will also find the specific success factors of IJVS in emerging economies. Cultural difference between partners is considered one of the principal reasons that come in the way to the success of joint ventures. Before forming a joint venture, the companies do not conduct compatibility analysis. Most of the time, their management style differs from each other. One could be more decentralised in its decision making process while the other partner believes in more control and does not provide enough freedom to its line staff. Even after forming a joint venture, no efforts are made to create a suitable mix among the staff making the joint venture nonfunctioning. Farkas and Avny (2003) argue, "Difference in organizational culture is the reason for performance gaps in joint ventures rather than national culture differences. They also state, "The influence of cultural difference on the performance of international joint ventures is indirect, but highly influenced by the level of trust between its partners†. The researchers studied those joint ventures where one of the partners hailed from Israel. Cultural differences between western multinational enterprises and Japanese companies have also been determined as the factor behind the failures of their joint ventures (Brown et al. 1989). Chryslers merger with Daimler is worth mentioning here that could not evoke successful outcomes due to cultural mismatch between them. The Chrysler division was a profitable division prior to merger but its performance deteriorated after the merger. Management undertook several layoffs at Chrysler following the merger that was never anticipated in the beginning.

Renaissance and Fashion trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Renaissance and Fashion trends - Essay Example The essay "Renaissance and Fashion trends" talks about trends in the fashion in the era of Renaissance. For instances clothes that were designed for war had specific purpose, on the other hand the bridal clothing was designed to suit the function of the day. Before the 19th century clothing was tailor made to suit the needs of each individual. The design of women garments was quite different with the modern garments. The garments were loosely fitting and flowing. Most fabrics in ancient time lacked decoration. The general rule in western world preferred plain clothes to the decorated clothes. History records that clothes that people wore were white in color. Any other color was not easily accepted. Commoners were prohibited by the rules of the land not to wear red clothes in the theaters. A wide range of cloth colors started featuring in the fifth century. During this time, people could wear a wide range of colors in public places and in theaters. The cultural believes and the societ al norms dictated the kind of design that a community would accept. However, at the advent of the 20th century, the idea of standardized clothing became more popular as sewing and stitching technologies became widespread and the world moved into the era of industrialization. Tailors and dress markers developed new fashions and took them to the market. Competition among different designers is another factor that has contributed to the changes in fashions. Many designers want their products to sell.

The result of mixing calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid Essay Example for Free

The result of mixing calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid Essay I will set the apparatus out as shown above. To make it a fair experiment I will always add three marble chips and 10ml of acid to the test tube, for the first experiment. The clock will start with the test tube is secured with the bung. I will count how many bubbles come out in a minute. I will also check at certain intervals how far the bubbles of CO2 have reached in the burette (cm3). For the second experiment I will place 5 chips with roughly the same weight into separate test tube. The different test tubes will have a different acidic strength (molar). When The marble chips and the acids are added together I will time how long it will take for the bubbles to stop. Prediction: I predict that as the concentration of the acid decrease, from the selection I have chosen, the time of the reaction will increase, as the acid will consume the marble chips slower. There would also be fewer bubbles, coming out of the delivery tube, which is connected to the boiling tube. For the second experiment I predict that as the concentration of the acid increases the chips will be consumed quicker and the bubbles will disappear. Other experiments: Other ways in which I could have measured the rate of reaction was to use different weights of marble. For example I could have used only one marble chip or grinded a marble chip or I could have used 1-? amount of marble (as long a I had the resources). I could have measured how long it took the bubbles to fill up to reach 40, 30 20 etc. Results (1st): Concentration of acids (M) Bubble Count (1st) Bubble Count(2nd) CO3 (5 seconds)(1st)Â  24 13min, 11sec Graph: From the results I have retrieved I will make two graphs to explain the experiment. I will use two line graphs to do this. (Look at graph paper). Analysis: From the results I have found and the tables that I have drawn I can tell that as the concentration of the acid, in molars, increases there are more frequent appearances of bubbles and the burette fills up with CO3 quicker. For the second experiment I have found that there is a pattern as in the first table all the lines seem to curve in practically the same way. The graph allows me to measure the gradient accurately. From the table I can see that as the acid molecules were more stronger they worked quicker to consume the marble chips that had a quite a bit of surface area. From the results I found I believe that my prediction was correct. I said that as the acidic concentration increased the marble chips will be consumed quicker. From the two experiments that I did I believe that the rate of reaction experiment was more better than the other as it gave me more results. Conclusion: From all the experiment that I have done, on the rate of the reaction and how long it takes certain acids to consume marble chips, I have concluded that my experiment was successful in the sense that all the measurements gathered were accurate and that they showed the needed result to make the tables. I think that the acidic concentration effects the marble chips in the first experiment. And in the second experiment I think that acidic concentration also effects the marble chips in this experiment as well. Evaluation: From the results I have retrieved the quality of them depended on the accuracy of the instruments I used. These instruments included a burette to collect the CO3, a measuring cylinder to measure the liquids I was using and a clock to measure how long the experiment ran. The burette was only accurate to 1 millimetre so 1/10 of a centimetre. The measuring cylinder was only accurate to 1 millilitre. The clock was only accurate to 1 second so it was hard to interoperate where the pin exactly stopped, if it stopped in the middle of the second markers. The top pan balance was only accurate to 2 decimal places and 0. 00g. The acids were in molars and as the results were retrieved on different days the concentration may have varied in this period. The marble chips werent weighed in the first experiment so they may have given an inaccurate result. The accuracy of the reading I took were hard to see as it was difficult to determine, whether the marble chip had dissolved in the acid. The clock sometimes didnt start when the lever was moved upwards. Each reading that I took was repeated at least twice. From these two readings I made an average conclusion to plot the graph. The only abnormal and uncommon result that I spotted was in the second graph. It was the point where the 3(M) mark was plotted, it was not supposed to be there. The good points about my method were that they were repeated enough times to make an average and hence eliminated any chance of there being a mistake. The bad points about my method were that the marble chips were not always the same weight. The solution of the acid was not measurable so you have to make an estimate the concentration of the acid. As the results were taken on different days the temperature in the room may have varied through the duration of the experiments. I could have used a more effective clock to get better readings. I could have proceeded to use larger amounts or other concentrations of acids. Instead of the experiments that I did I could have done something different for example collecting the gas in a test tube and seeing whether or not it was flammable. Instead of having to repeatedly count the bubbles, which passed through the burette I could have used a laser to count the bubbles.

Ineffective Breathing Pattern: NANDA-I, NIC, NOC

Ineffective Breathing Pattern: NANDA-I, NIC, NOC Ineffective Breathing Pattern Informatics is defined as the collection, classification, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of recorded knowledge (Merriam Webster Online Dictionary, 2014). Moreover, nursing informatics is defined as a specialization of nursing that revolves around the characteristics of data, information, and knowledge combined (CCN, 2014). The progression of the three characteristics mentioned, coupled with the application of wisdom, serve to provide the framework for nursing informatics’ metastructure (CCN, 2014). Nursing informatics, although often unrealized, is utilized in a myriad of ways by nurses to not only support the work that they do, but to also aid in the decision-making process for patients and other healthcare providers such to achieve favorable outcomes, (CCN, 2014). One very important example of how nurses use informatics is through the utilization of nursing terminology. According to Hardiker (2012, p. 112), â€Å"nursing terminology serves as a vehicle to permit nurses to capture, represent, access, and communicate data, information, and knowledge. In addition, a standardized nursing terminology is a nursing terminology that is in some way approved by an appropriate authority, or by general consent; In North America, one such authority is the American Nurses Association â€Å". The following paper is a detailed review by the author regarding a nurse-patient scenario as it flows through three standardized nursing terminologies: NANDA, NIC, and NOC while subsequently being critiqued against the metastructure of nursing informatics, mentioned above. In conclusion, the author will summarize this paper by drawing the sections of the paper together and offering his own perspective gained through this experience. Ineffective Breathing Pattern: NANDA-I, NIC, NOC NANDA International, Inc. (NANDA-I), the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) together provide a set of terminology to afford comprehensive, research-based, standardized classifications of nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions and nursing-sensitive patient outcomes (NNN, 2014). NANDA-I serves as a nursing terminology that maintains an agreed set of nursing diagnoses organized as a multiaxial taxonomy of domains and classes (Hardiker, 2012, p. 113). According to Bulechek, Butcher, Dochterman, and Wagner (2013), â€Å"NIC is a comprehensive, research-based, standardized classification of interventions that nurses perform. NIC covers physiological and psychological interventions. As with NANDA-I, NIC interventions are organized into classes and domains†. According to Moorhead, Johnson, Maas, and Swanson (2013), â€Å"NOC is a comprehensive, standardized classification of patient/client outcomes developed to evaluate the effe cts of interventions provided by nurses or other health care professionals. As with NANDA-I and NIC, NOC’s outcomes work in unison to assist patient outcomes†. As a nurse on a medical/surgical/telemetry floor this author encounters a very diverse range of patients with a plethora of morbidities; one very common admitting diagnosis is: Ineffective Breathing Pattern. â€Å"I can hardly breath and I’m scared; it seems as if this is getting worse, please help me†. NANDA-I defines an ineffective breathing pattern as: inspiration and/or expiration that does not provide adequate ventilation (Ralph Taylor, 2011). Patient X has respirations of 32, pulse of 118, a blood pressure of 145/92, and presents with nasal flaring, and her lips are pursed as she has an increased focus on trying to breathe while currently on 3 liters of oxygen via nasal cannula. Pt. X’s health history reveals a retired patient with end-stage COPD, obesity, and she has been a smoker for well over thirty years; her COPD has worsened through the years and she has developed an increasing level of anxiety. Pt. X has been admitted to the hospital several times o ver the past several years with similar complaints; however, over the past six months her condition has worsened. Applying NIC to this scenario it is suggested that the nurse encourage slow, deep breathing, have the patient sit up in bed, turn frequently and cough; the nurse is to monitor respiratory and oxygenation status, as appropriate. In addition, the nurse should ascertain whether the patient’s dyspnea is physiological, psychological, or a combination of both. Last but not least, applying NOC to this patient scenario, the patient through utilization of the NIC interventions, the patient will report the ability to breath comfortably and demonstrate the ability to perform pursed-lip breathing to assist controlling her breathing; moreover, her vital signs will fall into normal ranges: respirations less than 20, pulse less than 100, and a reduced blood pressure that is near her baseline which is 120/80. As a result, the patient should be able to vocalize less stress related to her breathing, and understand how to alleviate future episodes ((Ralph Taylor, 2011). In a textbook situation, referring to the nursing standard terminologies of NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC should provide a foundation for assisting one’s patient encountering an ineffective breathing pattern. Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom A familiarity regarding standard nursing terminologies provides an excellent reference for nursing; however, a large majority of nurses have a limited knowledge or experience with standard nursing terminologies (Schwiran Thede, 2011). Remarkably, having a familiarity with diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes is only that, a familiarity. A good nurse recognizes that a text-book definition and guidelines are simply tools to assist in the overall care for one’s patient. By placing Patient X’s scenario into the nursing informatics’ metastructure, care for one’s patient base can be greatly enhanced. First, one has to account for the raw data: increased respirations, increased pulse, increased blood pressure, and a heightened anxiety level. It is very important when providing patient care to remember that data, by itself has no particular meaning (CCN, 2014). Second, by retrieving all recorded data for patient X, reviewing trends, and placing her current data in contextual review allows a nurse to convert this raw data into information (CCN, 2014). A review of patient X’s data reveals that her current assessment presents data that exceeds her normal baselines. Third, by taking into consideration patient X’s physiological data as well as her physiologic and psychological presentation coupled with the nurse’s working knowledge base and experience regarding the information presented, this nurse recognizes patient X as having an ineffective breathing pattern. Last but not least, wisdom is realized by not only having an appropriate knowledge base to address the patient’s current health scenario but the skill-set, experience, and critical thinking skills of knowing when and how to take action (CCN, 2014; McKie, et al., 2012). Conclusion According to Robert and Petersen (2013), â€Å"Nurses must be able to think critically to face the challenges of today’s burgeoning technological advances, and ensure safe passage and positive outcomes for patients†. The referenced quote sums up the writing of this paper’s message and the realized experience while writing this paper by its author. Nursing is a very complex profession that has many tools to advance and evolve. By reviewing patient X’s condition, applying it through the nursing terminologies of NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC, and subsequently reviewing it against nursing informatics’ metastructure one can clearly understand that there are many platforms available to properly assist in the care for not only patient X, but our community at-large. References Bulechek, G., Butcher, H., Dochterman, J., Wagner, C. (Eds.). (2013). Nursing interventions classification (NIC) (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Chamberlain College of Nursing. (2014). NR512 Fundamentals of Nursing Informatics: Weeks 1-3 Lessons [PowerPoint]. St. Louis, MO Online Publication. Hardiker, N. (2012). Developing standardized terminologies to support nursing practice. In D. McGonigle K. Mastrian (Eds.), Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (2nd ed.). (pp. 111–120), Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Informatics. Merriam webster online dictionary. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.merriam webster.com/dictionary/informatics McKie, A., Baguley, F., Guthrie, C., Jackson, C., Kirkpatrick, P., Laing, A., Wimpenny, P. (2012). Exploring clinical wisdom in nursing education. Nursing Ethics, 19(2), 252-267. doi:10.1177/0969733011416841 Moorhead, S., Johnson, M., Maas, M., Swanson, E. (Eds.). (2013). Nursing outcomesclassification (NOC) (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. NNN.(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nanda.org/nanda-i-nic-noc.html Ralph, S. S., Taylor, C. M. (2011, 8th ed.). Sparks and Taylor’s Nursing DiagnosisReference Manual. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer / Lippincott Williams Wilkins Robert, R.R, Petersen, S. (2013). Critical thinking at the bedside: Providing safe passage to patients. MEDSURG Nursing, 22(2), 85-118. Schwiran, P. M., Thede, L. Q. (2011). Informatics: The standardized nursing terminologies: A national survey of nurses experiences and attitudes. Online Journal Of Issues In Nursing, 16(2), 1. doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol16No02InfoCol01 Public private partnership: Part II Public private partnership: Part II PPP is an agreement/contract between Public agencies and Private sectors. Public and Private sectors joins hands to undertake a project. Public and Private Partnership may be defined as A corporate venture between the Public and Private sectors, build on the expertise of each partner that meets clearly defined Public needs through the appropriate allocation of resources, risk and rewards. PPP is a joint venture of Public and Private sectors and collaboration between Public and Private sectors. The PPP depend on the expertise of both the Public and Private sectors. PPP is a contract that involves a contract between Public and Private sector in which Private sectors provide a Public services/Projects and assume substantial, financial, technical and operational risk in the project. PPP is a step toward involving Private sector and to hold them accountable for input. PPP address peoples needs clearly through the appropriate allocation of resources, risk and rewards. PPP is growing day to day because it is an efficient way of delivering the Public services to the masses. ADVANTAGES OF PPP: Some of the advantages are Diversification of Risk. Efficiency. Cost effective ( time and money saving). Creation of value added goods and services. Accountability for provision of quality services. Effective utilization of state assets. Innovation and diversity in Public Private services. DISADVANTAGES OF PPP: Disadvantages of PPP are Complexity of the Project. A construction delay in the projects. Operational difficulty. Financial risk.(the risk that the project dont get funds/finance). Commercial risk (Demand and payment risk). Changes in Exchange rates. Regulatory (Changes in laws like tariffs) Political situation. Force majeure (Natural disasters). TYPES OF PPP MODELS: Different types of PPP models are Service contracts. Management contracts. Leasing contracts. Concession contracts. Green field contracts. Build, Operate transfer contracts. In design build finance contracts. Now a brief overview of these contracts and their strengths and weaknesses. Service contracts: Service contracts is a contract between public agencies and private sectors and is suited for simple and short term requirements. It is the limited type of PPPs model. In this agreement the Private party procure operation of an assets for short period. The period of two to five years. In this contract the responsibility for investment and management of the project are of the Public sector and also bears the financial and residual value risks. While the Private sector provides the services. Potential Strengths: The main advantages of service contracts are It provides us relatively low risk option for the expansion of Private sector. It is less expensive to deliver the public services. It encourages the competition the Private sector. It is a good source of technology transfer. It is less costly. Potential weakness: The main disadvantages of this contract is It is a short term contract/project and is not suitable for to pool up capital. Loss of managerial control. Loss of flexibility. Loss of internal and external focus. Loss of competitive edge. Management contracts: In this type of Contracts the responsibility for the operation and management is passed to the Private sectors. The life of these types of contracts are from three to five years but can be extended. The Private sector/party is remunerated/hired on a fixed fee basis or on the incentives or bonuses basis linked to a related or specific task. In these types of contracts the Public sector bears the financial and investment risks. This is an efficient way undertaking a project because the Private sector is efficient and have enough skills and strong interest in improving the service quality. Potential strengths: The main advantage of these contracts are that the ownership remains with the Government and only the operation and management is transferred to the Private party. Management contracts are less controversial in nature. These types of contracts are less expansive because the Private sector is more efficient and can do the job betterly than the Public sector because of the experienced and skilled management. Potential weakness: Some of the major disadvantages of management contracts are The government gives a certain portion of control to the Private sector which may lead to low quality services. Delay in time. The flexibility in these contracts are finished or reduced. The quality of the product is reduced. The Private party must be clearly evaluated for best performance. Leasing contracts: Leasing means when one party lesser gives his assets to another party lessee on some fixed payments. In leasing the Private party purchase the income streams generated by the Public owned assets for an exchange of fixed leased payments and the Private party is responsible for maintenance and operation of the assets. The duration of leasing is from ten to twelve years. Leasing contract is best for Infrastructure development. Potential strengths: The leasing finance is a fixed rate finance. Leasing is inflation friendly. Through leasing and this contract brings efficiency in the Public service delivery. In leasing contracts the Private sector competitively bid for the lease means providing the services to the general people. The increase in the leasing contracts is almost due to the improved and new technology. Potential weakness: As we know that the leasing contract is based on the streams of payments/installments made by the Private sector but if the Private sector doesnt make payment in time than a problem arises and one of the main disadvantage of leasing contract for the Private sector is that the responsibility for maintenance and capital investment is of Private sector. Concession contracts: Concession contracts is a type of leasing contracts in which the ownership of the assets remain with the Government and the Private party is responsible for the maintenance of the assets and also to provide the capital investment and at the end or completion of the project the Government receive the project and pay a certain sum of amount to the Private party according to the contract. In these type of contracts the Government gives concession to the Private sectors to explore some thing like oil and gas. Potential strengths: The advantages of the concession contract is that it mobilize the funds/capital from the Private sector for the construction and exploration of existing projects. In concession contracts the Government assets are properly utilized and maintained by the Private sector efficiently and after completion the Private sector gives the project/assets to the Government and the Government pays a certain amount of money to the Private sector according to the contract. Through bidding the contract Government creates competition among the Private sector which leads to low cost. Potential weakness: One of the major disadvantage of this contract is that the timing/validity of these projects are more and these contracts are long term contracts which leads to complexity. The maturity of these projects are more than 20 years. Due to the longer period it is difficult to manage and organized. It requires complex monitoring and design system and also reduce competition because a few big Private contractors are available. Green field contracts: These types of contracts are mostly used for the development of new projects. In these type of contracts the government only provide the land to the private sector. Examples of Greenfield contracts are projects like new factories, airports, development of parks which are build from scratch. Potential strengths: In green field contracts the Government only provide the assets and the Private sector build, design, develop and manage the assets. It is used for developing the new projects like parks and airports etc. Build, operate transfer contracts: In these types of contracts the Private party is responsible for the designing, constructing and the operation of the assets. In these types of contracts the government bears the financial risk but have control to stop the project at any stage. These types of contracts are best for water and wastage projects. BOT has the following types. Built own operate transfer (BOOT). Built lease operate transfer (BLOT). Built rent operate transfer (BROT). Potential strengths: The risk is shared with the Private sector. Due to the efficiency in the Private sector the Government gives projects to the Private sector. The Private sector is responsible for the design, construction and service delivery. The Government gives these types of projects mostly to the experienced and skilled Private sectors. It also facilitate the transfer of advanced technology by introducing international contractors in the host country. It is an effective way to bring the Private funds for development of new projects like infrastructure and water enhancement development. Potential weakness: Some of the main disadvantage of this contract is that it is not suitable for small projects. The transaction cost in the BOT is higher as compared to the other contracts. The success of the BOT project depends upon the funds raising and when substantial revenue are generated in the project during the operation phase. BOT contracts may be costly some times. In design build finance contracts: In these types of contracts the Private sector/party design the goods and services according to the requirement setted by the Government entities. These type of contracts are best for roads construction and water. Potential strengths: The Private sector contractor is responsible for the design and the construction. Subject to the provision that the contractor is not, under an unamended JCT WCD, responsible for any design provided to him in the Employers Requirements document, the employer should have a single point of responsibility and liability against the contractor. This is more advantageous than the traditional forms of contract where the employer has entered into separate construction and design agreements. A common problem being that if a claim is made, the contractor, architect or other design consultants may argue over the extent of their responsibility. This contract is time saving means that the Private sector are interested to complete the project quickly and is also cost saving and the product is of good quality because the Private sector is more efficient than Public sector and the product is prepared according to the government requirements. Potential weakness: The main disadvantage of this contract is that government mostly give the projects to the large Private sectors and ignores the small Private sector and also reduce the competition through ignoring the small sectors. There may arise the problem of favoritism and also the cost of project may arise through reducing competition in the Private sector and also may arise problems in designing. The perception remains, certainly amongst architects, that design and build is not the appropriate procurement method where design quality is a high priority. There is only limited scope for the employer to make changes to his requirements once the Employers Requirements and Contractors Proposals have been agreed otherwise the cost consequences may be prohibitive. A case of Public Private Partnership of the Melaka-Manipal Medical College: Background: Melaka-Manipal Medical College is the first Indo-Malaysian joint venture in private medical education. The proposal was conceived from the Look East Policy of the former Prime Minister, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad. He recognized the need for greater South-South cooperation in the economic and social sectors. This led to the signing of an agreement in New Delhi in 1993, witnessed by both the Prime Ministers of Malaysia and India. The agreement was between the Joint Venture Medical College Corporation (JVMC) Malaysia and the Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) India to offer a twinning programme leading to the MBBS degree. The objective was to provide additional doctors for Malaysia and offer opportunities for students in this region to study medicine at a cheaper cost than in the West. From 1953 to 1993, Manipal had trained over 2700 doctors from Malaysia. The situation changed in 1993 with the new policy on admission of foreign students to medical colleges in India. Malaysia was s uddenly in urgent need of training opportunities within a minimum lead period. The Melaka-Manipal Medical College seemed to be an excellent idea. The Partnership Process The partners in the Joint Venture Medical College are: State Government of Melaka. Manipal Group. Members of the Indian Diaspora. Contribution of Government of Malaysia Use of Hospitals and Health Centers in two states MMMC is allowed to use the facilities of the General Hospital at Muar and Melaka and Health Centers for the purpose of the teaching and training of students. Teaching Staff Consultants in the hospitals assist in the clinical training of the students. Over 100 consultants work as part time teachers. The Malaysian Medical Council considers the services of 3 part time faculty equivalent to 1 full time employee. Supervisory and Advisory Services The government regulatory bodies i.e. the Malaysian Medical Council and the National Accreditation Board supervise and provide advisory services to ensure maintenance of minimum standards in conformity with government regulations. Financial Assistance to students Government agencies provide scholarship to deserving students admitted to MMMC. Contribution of Private Partners Basic Science Training at Manipal There is a shortage of basic science Faculty in Malaysia hence the excellent facilities at the Manipal Campus India are used for the first phase. Infrastructure for the Melaka Campus Construction of the campus at Melaka including hostel and recreational facilities comparable to the best in the country. Provision of Patient-Care Service MMMC provides faculty to augment patient-care at the hospitals and health centers. Provision of trained medical officers to meet countrys requirement The newly graduated doctor is required to undergo compulsory rotating resident houseman ship for a period of one year. Training of staff in the Health Centers and arranging CME for doctors These activities help in upgrading the standards of doctors and Para medical personnel in the health centers. The CMEs arranged allow doctors to keep abreast with advancing medical knowledge. BENEFITS FOR ALL, A WIN WIN SITUATION: Outcomes and Benefits for Malaysia The Joint Venture helps the health sector in Malaysia to move towards the desired doctor: population ratio in a planned manner. MMMC has contributed 213 doctors in the past two years. Since the clinical training is carried out in Government Hospitals and Health Centers in Malaysia, the graduates are very conversant with the functioning of the government health sector and national health policies. Induction of trained faculty from India augments the specialist manpower in Malaysia. The Melaka-Manipal Medical College would otherwise have drawn a large number of specialists from the Malaysian health delivery system. There is an extreme shortage of teachers in Basic Sciences hence this phase of training is carried out in India. The college helps to create an academic and research environment in the Government Hospitals used for teaching, thus upgrading their quality of care. Benefits for the Students An opportunity to study medicine in a situation where capacity is restricted. Cost of education is considerably less than studying in the western countries. Living on a multidisciplinary university campus at Manipal gives the student a unique cross-cultural experience and builds confidence and independence. The student becomes a part of an esteemed educational system with an international reputation and a worldwide alumnus. The clinical phase is carried out in government hospitals in Malaysia where the students work with patients and staff from different ethnic backgrounds akin to their own. This allows for effective communication and rapport and seamless merger into the environment into which they ultimately will work. Benefit Outcomes for the Private Partners For Manipal, the establishment of the college in Malaysia, gives the opportunities to: Establishing a medical college in the minimum lead period and at favorable costs because of the public-private partnerships. Retain old links with India, having trained 2700 Malaysian doctors in Manipal To establish its reputation and brand name Overseas to acquire the best practices in medical education and health delivery and to prepare for global competition Limiting Factors for A PPP: Medical Education in India is regulated by the Medical Council and the Ministry of Health. The present statutory conditions imposed by the MCI do not allow for the flexibility that is required to foster partnerships between the Public and Private sectors. The regulations are too stringent with regard to ownership and operation of teaching hospitals, For the local partners to share in the thrill of creating an institution in the service of their country and the reputation and financial gains that will accrue in the future. Conclusion of the Case: It has been a very rewarding experience to work with the public sector in Malaysia. Good governance and an enabling environment have allowed for a trickle down effect, in that the value of such cooperative efforts seems to be known to all categories of employees. This facilitates excellent work relationships allowing for a participatory process which is stimulating. The Regulatory process is positive with the correct focus on quality. As an incremental approach Manipal is exploring the possibilities of starting Dental, Pharmacy, and Allied Health Programmes. The success of the venture is due to the pragmatic approach of the Government of Malaysia towards Public Private Partnerships in education and healthcare. Conclusions: From the above discussion and after studying the models of PPP it is clear that The Partnership is not always fruitful for the Government SO a Government should enter to contracts with Private sector after assessing the Private sector efficiency and the Government must have to share the risk with the Private party. If Government does not transfer an appropriate level of risk to the private sector then it should not be availed. But after entering the successful contract with the Private sector the Government can easily deliver quality services. References: Articles from Newsletter. www.pppcouncil.ca www.pcp.org.pk www.books.google.com.pk Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2005) by Nagra JS. Article by Mohammed Jalaudin.

Theology 1 summary :: essays research papers fc

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The following pages are my best attempt at writing my very first major project. I pray that it will contain the truth of what God had me learn at the Churches of God retreat center in January of this year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although my notes seem extensive, it’s virtually impossible to literate all that was taught and shared during this class. However, Dr. Statts, I have confidence that these pages may express at least a hint of your spellbinding teachings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Upon returning to my home church in Dover, Pennsylvania, I asked my senior pastor and my mentor, the worship pastor, for any input and / or materials they may have to help me with this final project. I was confused and surprised by the comments that they had gotten rid of their Theology materials years ago. This lends me to consider why that is. I hadn’t ever measured the subject of Theology as somewhat controversial and that has led me to immerse myself even deeper into the well of knowledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I look forward to next year at our next meeting and teachings of the Theology 2 class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  God bless you and your wife. Theology 1 Outline 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Definition of Theology a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greek 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Various forms of Theology a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Systematic b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historical c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Biblical d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contemporary e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ethical 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theology Proper a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who is God? b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who are we to study God’s Word i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spiritual people ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Natural people iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carnal people c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attributes of God i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communicable ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Incommunicable iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  eternality iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Omni – 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Omniscience 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Omnipresent 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Omnipotence v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sovereignty vi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holiness 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other â€Å"ologies† a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bibliology b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Angelology i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cherubim ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gabriel iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Michael iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elect Angels v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Non-elect Angels c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Demonology d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Satanology e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anthropology f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christology g.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trinityology i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evidence of the â€Å"Father† ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evidence of the â€Å"Son† iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evidence of the â€Å"Holy Spirit† h.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pneumetology i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ecclesiology j.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eschatology 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Revelations a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cosmological ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theological iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anthropological iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ontological b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Special i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Word of God (Law) 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inspiration a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Incarnation of Christ b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  God Breathed c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Purpose of Scripture d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prophetic Word e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Old Testament point of view f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Testament point of view 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creation a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Original sin b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inherited sin c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Actual sin 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Types of Millennialism a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pre-Millennialism b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Post-Millennialism c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A-Millennialism 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Calvinism a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 point – TULIP b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 point – TUIP 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arminism 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aryanism 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Apostistic a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Modify and Submit b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Five warning sections What is Theology?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term theology comes from two Greek words: theos, â€Å"God,† and logos, â€Å"Word,† and then compounded means, the study of God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theology can be used to cover the study of part of Scripture or of the whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Depending on the point of approach of the one studying theology, it can appear to have a very broad definition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let’s look at the different forms of theology discussed in class: Systematic Theology –   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a methodical study of God and who He is, the proofs of His existence, and His relationship to the world and man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Systematic Theology gathers materials from the Bible, the facts of science, psychology, history, and philosophy. It examines, evaluates, and organizes all in the light of the Bible. It utilizes di-chronic and synchronic methods to organize the works of God. Historical Theology –   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In seeking out resources for a clear definition of this term, I’m finding that it’s one of the more difficult terms to define.