Is the Port Authority Helping or Getting in the Way? Essay

The debate continues in Cleve sphere over the best use of our lakefront. For al virtually two centuries the lakefront in Cleveland has been mostly industry. Here, like in other cities, we demand recreational access to the lakefront.The Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority plays a major role in increasing recreational op demeanorunities in downtown Cleveland in two ways first, it owns a good part of the lakefront (the number unrivalled source of land for recreation.) and second, it occupies much of its own land or leases it for industrial purposes. So, on that pointfore, the style authority is one of the major players in the decision of where and how to put recreation along the lakefront.As with anything it is important to understand the past before we can understand the present. I assimilate found a time line dating to 1818 that documents this history. 1818 The first steamboat on Lake Erie arrived in Cleveland. 1828 To improve merchant vessels betwixt the Great Lakes and the Ohio & Erie Canal, a new channelizeping channel the current mouth of the Cuyahoga River was cut to allow the river to flow directly into Lake Erie. 1849 A pier was built at the foot of Water Street (West 9th Street). 1851 The Cleveland, capital of Ohio & Cincinnati Railroad candid the first Cleveland depot on the lakefront at West 9th Street. By 1853, railroads constructed six piers east of the Cuyahoga River. 1852 The first shipment of ore for smelting iron arrived in Cleveland from Marquette. 1870s expression of a breakwater began in the 1870s to protect Clevelands harbor bea. The United States Congress authorized funds for breakwater construction in 1875, 1886, 1896 and 1902. 1912 The New York, pascal & Ohio Railroad opened an ore docking fee on fill placed along the lakefront on the north side of Whiskey Island to handle iron ore for Clevelands thrive steel industry. 1913 The East 9th Street pier opened to provide passenger ferry service between Cleveland and Detroi t and Buffalo. 1940 The United States Coast Guard Station opened on the eastern end of Whiskey Island at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. 1959 The St. Lawrence trade route opened providing access between Great Lakes Ports, including Cleveland, and international markets. 1968 The Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority was launch to operate Clevelands publicly owned lakefront docks. 1970s The Port Authority purchased land from several entities between the mouth of the Cuyahoga River and West 3rd Street in anticipation of the construction of an ore dock for Republic Steel that ultimately was built in Lorain. 1978 The Port Authority received Foreign Trade Zone appointee for part of Dock 20. This federal designation now extends to the entire dock area. 1986 The State of Ohio and the City of Cleveland began construction of a seven acre inner harbor between Dock 32 and East 9th Street. 1998 The Port Authority purchased the ore dock on Whiskey Island from Conrail to ensure the continue d availability of ore deliveries at the lowest costs for local anaesthetic steel making operations.1As you can see our port has a deep rooted history in our community and in our economy.Also, our port has well-nigh special features for instance we have deep water docks allowing us to have large freighters come into our port. Additionally, our port is a destination port in that most of the goods that come in through the port are going somewhere within fifty miles of the dock. Lastly, our Cleveland Bulk final (CBT)2 is amazing in that it has 1850 linear feet of dock with a loop track for ship to rail distribution. A couple of years ago the company removed the giant and obsolete huletts that used to drop off the ships into trains, relying now on self-unloading equipment on ships. Trucks are not used because there is no haul road. This summer Oglebay Norton is hoping to bring the automatic loading equipment from the Lorain Pellet Terminal to enable easier re-loading of ships for Int ernational Steel Group.Through all of the current turmoil about the port it has been trying to exonerate its self and improve its image. The trash has brought up two alternatives for the port one is to leave the port as it is and make Whisky Island into a park the second is to put the section of the port on the east bank of the river on Whisky Island and make the east bank area a park. Both are controversial as there are the Friends of Whisky Island who want the Island to become a park while the port wants to just subsist downtown.Some people believe that the port should go away all together. They dont realize that the ships bring goods from overseas, and those goods come into the citys factories, which either package them or make other products from them. Then, the factories ship the products out to be sold, thus, promoting trade and economic growth in the city of Cleveland and the whole country.As I mentioned before, the port is just striving to exist in downtown Cleveland. This is because of the deep water docks I also mentioned earlier the deep water docks are unique on the great lakes and very important to our economy. If the port were to be moved very far from its current locale there could be great expense taken to dredge a new berth in an attempt to recreate deep water docks.In the current debate NOACA is the main intermediary NOACA has set up a team of quatern city planners, one of which is from the city planning commission and three outside counsels, who have been holding meetings in different neighborhoods that might be affected and are taking in ideas. Many people like the idea to move the port to the west bank and free up land on the east, although it is unlikely.Thus, I can safely conclude, that the port is one of the biggest players in what will happen to our lakefront. It can either move or stay put. Although, it just wants to continue to exist and are continuously embellishing their own cause to make people think they are important. They a re really important to recreation and our economy because they own the land and promote trade and economic growth. The port is a necessity and here to stay.BIBLIOGRAPHYhttp//www.citizensvision.org/friends-wi/plans/portplan.htm Port Authority Master Planhttp//planning.city.cleveland.oh.us/lakefront/ Lakefront Planhttp//www.greatlakes-seaway.com/en/ports/portofcleveland.html Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway System Port of ClevelandEhle, Jay C., William D. Ellis, Nancy A. Schneider Clevelands Harbor The Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority Kent, Ohio and London, England The Kent State University Press (c)19961 http//urban.csuohio.edu/forum/waterways/portactivites/index.htm2 The Cleveland Bulk Terminal is operated by Oglebay Norton Terminals Inc. a division of the Oglebay Norton Company.

Forms and Classification of Online Business

Forms and classification of online byplay fit to (Adam, Z. R. ), the major different events of e-commerce (B2B) Business-to Business, (B2C) Business-to-Consumer, (B2G) Business-to-Government, (C2C) Consumer-to-Consumer and M-commerce which is mobile commerce. Business-to- argumentation is simply e-commerce that is present between two ancestryes. It is said that it is the fastest maturation type of e-commerce, much faster than B2C. It is a type of e-commerce wherein two businesses finish with each other online. virtually 80% of online businesses be of B2B type. Business-to-consumer is e-commerce between companies and consumers.It is the second heroicst in growth and enactments among the types of E-commerce. It basically is interactions between consumers whether they interact online or offline or just gather information ab come forth outputs that ar being offered by the company. Examples of such(prenominal) companies that ar of B2B are Amazon and Costco. Business-to-gove rnment is e-commerce between companies and the public sector. It refers to the accustom of the Internet for public procurement, licensing procedures, and other government-related operations Consumer-to-consumer is e-commerce between private individuals with their fellow consumers.This type of e-commerce is characterized by online merchandises and online auctions wherein these sends serve as a medium for consumers to transact with other consumers. This type of e-commerce is said to have huge potential of growth out of all the types of e-commerce. Consumer-to-business is e-commerce that is uniformned to invalidate auction. It is basically the opposite of selling wherein a company would respond to a consumers need. This type of e-commerce is seldom encountered. However, e-bays report that there is a large number of this type of e-commerce wherein they earn millions of dollars every day.Mobile commerce is e-commerce wherein transactions from businesses to consumers are done through wireless networks through the medium of PDAs and portable handheld devices. Business Models utilise on the Internet According to (Starting an mesh business- we cite it sincere), there are numerous ways on reservation money in the internet. There are business models on which they are differentiated on how they execute and return profit. Some of these are retail while nearly use the power of information to sell. Affiliate Marketing the most common type of Internet business around.It objective is to market and sell someoneelses harvest. There are various ways to market the brand both on and offline. Passive (or niche sites) sites designed to market advertising and/or products that drive little to no maintenance. These sites can be focused on small subjects or some are built to be big multi-subject sites. The main intention here is build, promote and forget. Information Sites this could fall into the category of passive. These sites are built for advertising they target a narr ow subject and are intended to drop money in the first place from advertising.Once set up and promoted, they that require occasional maintenance. Other detail business models are Product creator wherein creating ones product be it a fashion line, shoes, and and so onas long as its an original product and non someone elses. Its difference with consociate marketing is that Product creator makes ones products and sells it as well. Email Marketing or to a spectacularer extent commonly called List building makes use of Email marketing wherein one has to build relationships with its customers and is particularly sound in building targeted traffic. It is the most highly rated way of making money in the Internet.Services are providing assistants such as weight loss program, quit smoking plan and etc. This provides to a greater extent consumer interaction and is recommended if one excels in interacting with people. There are also more(prenominal) specific types of business models and more recognizable which is the Retail and Wholesale which is like an online store version of a store such as SM, Costco or Walmart. The main difference between them is that one is whole sale and the other is not. This requires a high investment compared to other business models since additional cost through shipping products, payment processing, customer service and etc are accumulated.Creating a website for online business According to Poo (2008), in creating ones website for business purposes, the first feeling is to determine ones goals on what testament one use the site for? Is it for sell or purely marketing website? These are some things that need pondering before designing a website to make it an effective website. By brainstorming and finding out the main goals, determining the genre of the website is the next step. This will determine the pros and cons of the website. There are four genres of websites which are the sales or retailing, marketing, information and a we b-based application.Poo (2008) describes that retailing or sales website it focuses much on a lot of pictures, sporadic text on product descriptions and these sites are very user friendly and easy to navigate. However, one disadvantage of retail websites is that they are not usually recognized by essay engines and one way of counteracting that and bringing in traffic is making use of affiliate programs. Marketing websites compared to retailing websites is that it is designed to sell a product and one product only. Marketing website is very easy to design which feature mostly text and a few images.What is great about marketing websites is that it is perfectly positioned to make money through advertisements and affiliate programs and they are better optimized for search engines which are a huge advantage in getting traffic into the site. Information website compared to marketing and retailer is that its purpose is mainly to inform the consumers of its products or what is its trying t o sell. Although some corporate websites such as Nokia, Honda, Sony, and etc. are information websites that can also sell, they are primarily designed to inform its consumers.Information websites are only recommended for businesses that has a national or international presence since local anaesthetic businesses that only has a local presence only gets a few visits on its website while having a business that has a across the nation presence gives off many visits and informs its consumers well on its products. Web based application works like tralatitious programs but the difference is that web based application is accessed through the web unlike traditional programs which are installed beforehand. Its basically computer based application that is hosted in a browser-controlled environment.This type of business venture requires a team of programmers who are creative and persevering. The payoff is very profitable but this type of business is not recommended for the newcomers. Efficie ncy of Online Business compared to Traditional Business According to (Nielsen, 2008), about over 85% of the worlds online population has used the internet to make a purchase which is a dumfounding 875 million people. Reason why there is a huge percentage of the online community using internet for purchasing is that the internet is unrivaled for its convenience when it comes to researching and obtain.Consumers nowadays would rather stay at the comfort of their homes obtain than travel and find their desired product which is very tiring compared to single click buying. In Philippine context, about 45% of Filipino online population has purchased through online means. Compared to other countries like South Korea which hails to be the number 1 in frequency of using internet for shopping, Philippines is near the bottom list of infrequent use of online shopping.However, for a third world country like Philippines this is a new innovation that is newly tapped into by consumers and in a fe w years the trend would be increase in use of online shopping could be observed just like what is observed in the Global population which jumped 40% for only two years. In matters of what people look for in an online shop, harmonise to (Nielsen, 2008). In selecting sites on which to shop, one-third used a search engine or just surfed around to find the best online store. One in four relied on personal recommendations. It is said that once an online shop captures the hearts and loyalty of its consumers about 60% of these consumers would tend to stick to the same shop in buying its products since consumer relationship has been playing a large role in making these online businesses prospering. Furthermore, recommendations from fellow consumers also play a huge role in making an online site successful. Feedback is one important aspect in closing transactions in online businesses curiously businesses on online auctions or social networking sites that seem to make 1st time online shopp ers reluctant to purchase.Using friendly Networking for Business According to (Brown of Inc. Technology), online social networking sites are new grounds for profiteering through online means. It is said that two out of every three internet user has used or visited a social networking site according to internet research company Compete. These numbers alone show the potential of what social networking has to offer for business opportunities. Among social networking sites, Myspace, multiply, facebook and etc. are the popular ones while there are other networking sites that have been primarily geared towards entrepreneurs such as LinkedIn, Ryze and Spoke.One of the main strengths and factor in making a successful social networking business is to focus on building networks. First is to find the niche and build the attach networks that fit the desired business niche. This is the essential step if not the key step in establishing a successful online business through social networking sit es. References Adam, Z. R. (2003). E-commerce and e-business. Manila, Philippines United Nations Development Programme. Brown, D. (2009). Using Social Networking for Business. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from the dry land Wide Web http//technology. nc. com/internet/articles/200611/interneticebreakers. html Nielsen (2009). Trends in Online Shopping. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from the World Wide Web http//th. nielsen. com/site/documents/GlobalOnlineShoppingReportFeb08. pdf Poo, C. (2007) Build Website Online. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from the World Wide Web http//www. cessypoo. com/build-website-online. html Starting an internet business- we make it simple (2010). Types of Business Models- Step 2. Retrieved March 14, 2010 from the World Wide Web http//biggbucksonline. com/2009/08/25/types-of-internet-business-models/

Columbian Exchange

The Columbian give-and-take Christopher capital of Ohio sailed the oceanic blue in 1492 is a common expression used to twenty-four hour period about the husking of the the Statess. What happens by and by the denudation of the Americas? Transculturation. This is the mixing of cultures in which both cheeks change in single elan or other (Murphy, 1-14-13). The Columbian Exchange happened when multitude from Europe and Africa settled into Latin America and the Caribbean after the discovery of the Americas. The Columbian Exchange brought over diseases to the Americas, makes and animals, and the exchange of argent.The colonization of the Americas make exchanging animals and plants happen daily. scar was one plant that was brought over. Sugar was brought over to Brazil from the coast of Africa (Crosby, 69). Towards the end of the 16th century, Brazil became the biggest make believer of clamscane. At first, sugar was only(prenominal) bought by the rich but over time it was a n important crop in everyones day to day life. Sugar could be boiled round off into concentrated, making it easy to fit in ships, do it to become the cash crop for centuries (Chasteen, 24).Brazil was producing 57, 000 tons of sugar annuall(a)y in 1610, in which the position started to say sugar which drove the production down in Brazil (Crosby, 69). Sugar created harsh functional environments and terminate up having slaves do all of the work. Slaves were purchased and brought in from West Africa (Wolfe, 150). Maize, potatoes, tomatoes, and some other plants were added to European and Africa diets. some(prenominal) crops that hold up in European nations have come from the Americas during the Columbian Exchange.Tomatoes were grown in the Americas before they made their way to Italy. Italy is known for their diet that uses tomatoes and many people think that the tomato originated in Italy. The tomato got brought spikelet to Italy by dint ofout the trips from the Americas. M aize was introduced to Asia in the 16th century, which was a factor for population growth in Asia (Crosby, 65). As Winn states just now not much of the Columbian exchange was not positive for the indigenous people of the Americas (Winn, 43), around of the Columbian exchange was lop sided.Europeans and Africans got the better end of the Columbian exchange collectible to the fact that they transferred many of the diseases alternatively of receiving them. Along with plants, imported animals arrived in the America during capital of Ohios second voyage in 1493 (Crosby, 75). Horses, dogs, pigs, cattle, chickens, sheep, and goats all arrived in the Americas in the 16th century. Pigs were the first animals to blow up, with 30,000 pigs in Cuba by 1514 (Crosby, 76). cows, like pigs, reproduced in swell numbers and quickly adapted to the new environment.All of these animals were used some way or other to produce a profit. Skin became the biggest export from America to Europe after coloni zation to the Americas happened (Murphy, 1-23-13). The eke out was used to produce animals and sheep were used to produce clothing (Murphy, 1-23-13). Horses gave Bernal Diaz the advantage in defeating the Aztec to claim Mexico. Cattle provided nitty-gritty which would not have been there if it wasnt for the colonization. The Spaniards realized that silver from the Americas could produce them obscure cash, while the silver lasted.There was virtually no silver being exported from the Americas to Europe before Columbus detect the Americas. At the beginning of the 16th century, silver production in the Americas started to sky rocket ascribable to the Spaniards discovering the benefits of silver. In the 1540s, a silver mine located in Potosi, Peru was opened up by the Spaniards (Chasteen, 50). The township of Potosi blew up due to this new economic growth that was happening. The working environments were harsh men had to carry pounds and pounds of silver down the mountain (Murphy , 1-28-13).From 1503-1660, 700 million pounds of silver gets exported from the Americas to Europe (Murphy, 1-28-13). The problem with silver is that it has boom and bust cycles, where one course of study silver may be at its all-time high and the next the parsimoniousness takes a beating. The silver being made was through the taxing of this silver. The exchange of silver brought the Americas and the rest of the world together. This was due to the vocation that was happening with the silver. The crown in Spain received around 40 percent of all the silver scratch (Wolfe, 139).The crown received this money due to the royal fifth or settlement of American taxes (Wolfe, 139). nigh 30 percent of the silver was illegally cared to the crown did not receive that money (Murphy, 1-28-13). No food is able to grow at Potosi so all of it had to be imported from other countries. This created grand trade relations across the world. The food from Potosi would be imported from elsewhere becau se it was cheaper, causing the prices to rise in the Potosi economy (Wolfe, 139). In the early 1800s, the silver ran out and the town of Potosi went down with it.This shows how much the Spaniards had an impact on the Americas, Peru in this instance. The diseases that Europe and Africa brought in during colonization to the Americas were the biggest negative impact of the Columbian Exchange. Diseases wiped out populations in the Americas. indigene Americans had no immunity towards the diseases that were coming in. Diseases like smallpox, measles, malaria, plague, and many others were killing native people uncontrollably. In dismay and fastness Peru, the population declined from 5 million to less than 300 thousand in 1780-1790s (Wolfe, 135).As shown in this extract by Winn The result was the greatest demographic disaster in history (Winn, 43), this epidemic make wherever colonization happened in the Americas. The old world diseases were not intentionally spread to the Americas bu t were a side effect of transculturation. The Columbian exchange was a major factor in the Colonization of the Americas. stark naked foods were change between the Americas and Europe and Africa. Animals were also swapped during this exchange, which created economic opportunities.The finding of silver in Potosi helped Spain gain money through taxes. This was a boom and bust cycle which leads to Potosi becoming a ghost town. With colonization happening, diseases brought from the Europeans and Africans killed an uncountable core of people in the Americas. The Columbian Exchange changed Latin America and the Caribbean fully. The real question is what would Latin America and the Caribbean be like if the Columbian Exchange never happened? Works Cited Chasteen, Encounter, in Born in inventory and Fire, pp. 11-42 (3rd ed), 25-53 (2nd).Chasteen, The colonial Crucible, in Born in Blood, pp. 49-80 (3rd ed), 59-89 (2nd). Crosby, Alfred, Old World Plants and Animals in the New World, in The Columbian Exchange Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1973), pp. 64-121. Wolfe, Eric, Iberians in America, in Europe and the People without History (Berkeley University of atomic number 20 Press, 1997 1982), pp. 131-157. Winn, Peter, The Legacies of empire in Americas The Changing Face of Latin America and the Caribbean (New York Pantheon Books, 1992), pp. 39-83Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 is a common expression used today about the discovery of the Americas. What happens after the discovery of the Americas? Transculturation. This is the mixing of cultures in which both sides change in one way or another (Murphy, 1-14-13). The Columbian Exchange happened when people from Europe and Africa settled into Latin America and the Caribbean after the discovery of the Americas. The Columbian Exchange brought over diseases to the Americas, plants and animals, and the exchange of silver.Th e colonization of the Americas made exchanging animals and plants happen daily. Sugar was one plant that was brought over. Sugar was brought over to Brazil from the coast of Africa (Crosby, 69). Towards the end of the 16th century, Brazil became the biggest producer of sugarcane. At first, sugar was only bought by the rich but over time it was an important crop in everyones day to day life. Sugar could be boiled down into concentrated, making it easy to fit in ships, causing it to become the cash crop for centuries (Chasteen, 24).Brazil was producing 57, 000 tons of sugar annually in 1610, in which the English started to produce sugar which drove the production down in Brazil (Crosby, 69). Sugar created harsh working environments and ended up having slaves do all of the work. Slaves were purchased and brought in from West Africa (Wolfe, 150). Maize, potatoes, tomatoes, and many other plants were added to European and Africa diets. Many crops that exist in European nations have come from the Americas during the Columbian Exchange.Tomatoes were grown in the Americas before they made their way to Italy. Italy is known for their food that uses tomatoes and many people think that the tomato originated in Italy. The tomato got brought back to Italy throughout the trips from the Americas. Maize was introduced to Asia in the 16th century, which was a factor for population growth in Asia (Crosby, 65). As Winn states But not much of the Columbian exchange was not positive for the indigenous people of the Americas (Winn, 43), most of the Columbian exchange was lop sided.Europeans and Africans got the better end of the Columbian exchange due to the fact that they transferred many of the diseases instead of receiving them. Along with plants, imported animals arrived in the America during Columbuss second voyage in 1493 (Crosby, 75). Horses, dogs, pigs, cattle, chickens, sheep, and goats all arrived in the Americas in the 16th century. Pigs were the first animals to blow up , with 30,000 pigs in Cuba by 1514 (Crosby, 76). Cattle, like pigs, reproduced in great numbers and quickly adapted to the new environment.All of these animals were used some way or another to produce a profit. Skin became the biggest export from America to Europe after colonization to the Americas happened (Murphy, 1-23-13). The fat was used to produce animals and sheep were used to produce clothing (Murphy, 1-23-13). Horses gave Bernal Diaz the advantage in defeating the Aztec to claim Mexico. Cattle provided meat which would not have been there if it wasnt for the colonization. The Spaniards realized that silver from the Americas could bring them indefinite money, while the silver lasted.There was virtually no silver being exported from the Americas to Europe before Columbus discovered the Americas. At the beginning of the 16th century, silver production in the Americas started to sky rocket due to the Spaniards discovering the benefits of silver. In the 1540s, a silver mine loca ted in Potosi, Peru was opened up by the Spaniards (Chasteen, 50). The town of Potosi blew up due to this new economic growth that was happening. The working environments were harsh men had to carry pounds and pounds of silver down the mountain (Murphy, 1-28-13).From 1503-1660, 700 million pounds of silver gets exported from the Americas to Europe (Murphy, 1-28-13). The problem with silver is that it has boom and bust cycles, where one year silver may be at its all-time high and the next the economy takes a beating. The money being made was through the taxing of this silver. The exchange of silver brought the Americas and the rest of the world together. This was due to the trade that was happening with the silver. The crown in Spain received around 40 percent of all the silver profits (Wolfe, 139).The crown received this money due to the royal fifth or settlement of American taxes (Wolfe, 139). Around 30 percent of the silver was illegally traded to the crown did not receive that mo ney (Murphy, 1-28-13). No food is able to grow at Potosi so all of it had to be imported from other countries. This created huge trade relations across the world. The food from Potosi would be imported from elsewhere because it was cheaper, causing the prices to rise in the Potosi economy (Wolfe, 139). In the early 1800s, the silver ran out and the town of Potosi went down with it.This shows how much the Spaniards had an impact on the Americas, Peru in this instance. The diseases that Europe and Africa brought in during colonization to the Americas were the biggest negative impact of the Columbian Exchange. Diseases wiped out populations in the Americas. Native Americans had no immunity towards the diseases that were coming in. Diseases like smallpox, measles, malaria, plague, and many others were killing native people uncontrollably. In lower and upper Peru, the population declined from 5 million to less than 300 thousand in 1780-1790s (Wolfe, 135).As shown in this quote by Winn Th e result was the greatest demographic disaster in history (Winn, 43), this epidemic effected wherever colonization happened in the Americas. The old world diseases were not intentionally spread to the Americas but were a side effect of transculturation. The Columbian exchange was a major factor in the Colonization of the Americas. New foods were exchanged between the Americas and Europe and Africa. Animals were also swapped during this exchange, which created economic opportunities.The finding of silver in Potosi helped Spain gain money through taxes. This was a boom and bust cycle which leads to Potosi becoming a ghost town. With colonization happening, diseases brought from the Europeans and Africans killed an uncountable amount of people in the Americas. The Columbian Exchange changed Latin America and the Caribbean fully. The real question is what would Latin America and the Caribbean be like if the Columbian Exchange never happened? Works Cited Chasteen, Encounter, in Born in B lood and Fire, pp. 11-42 (3rd ed), 25-53 (2nd).Chasteen, The Colonial Crucible, in Born in Blood, pp. 49-80 (3rd ed), 59-89 (2nd). Crosby, Alfred, Old World Plants and Animals in the New World, in The Columbian Exchange Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1973), pp. 64-121. Wolfe, Eric, Iberians in America, in Europe and the People without History (Berkeley University of California Press, 1997 1982), pp. 131-157. Winn, Peter, The Legacies of Empire in Americas The Changing Face of Latin America and the Caribbean (New York Pantheon Books, 1992), pp. 39-83

Predetermined Identity Essay

A reputation is the views or opinions that are generally held ab erupt person or something. They are a widespread belief that someone or something has a particular habit or characteristic (dictionary. com). A reputation is impossible to remove. there are many reputations and judgings demonstrated in the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. People are discriminative towards the devil created by Victor Frankenstein. The dickenss external sort assures the monster is non accepted into society.He is a completely functional creature with the ability to perform primal tasks. He has human capabilities, although his unusual appearance is shocking and sets him apart. Do everyones judgments of the monsters looks have an effect on his personality and behaviour? The author demonstrates that lots outward appearance will determine their personality. This is established in the novel since at the rootage of the book Fiend created by Frankenstein is a good person with feelings and empathy. A s the story develops, he keeps experiencing judgment from many volume including Victor, his creator, because of the way he looks.Everyone sends the colossus extraneous and rejects him without nonetheless giving Dr. Frankensteins invention a chance. He ends up changing throughout the novel into the monster everyone expects him to be, by killing the several(a) batch in Victors life for revenge. At the beginning of the book, the freak is in concomitant a reason able-bodied person. When the fiend is created, he does nonhing wrong to Victor. He does not harm in Victor any way because Victor had done nothing wrong to him. All he does is looks at him when he wakes up and his appearance was enough to make Victor leave him. The fiend was judged literally from the endorsement he was created.Furthermore, he observes a family that live in the middle of the forest in a cottage for months and does not lead to violent actions of any sort. He would observe them in hopes to maybe one day time integrate himself with humans. At night, he would go collect fire wood and do work for the cottagers, in hopes that they would eventually accept him. When he decides to finally meet the people who live in the cottage, he is off away. He was aware that he was capable of harming these strangers, although decides not to due to the fact that he knows its not right even if they were not the most accepting.Evidently, this creation that people labeled as a monster does have a heart and is capable of caring. I could have torn him limb from limb, as the king of beasts rends the antelope. besides my heart within me as bitter sickness, and I refrained. I saw him on the prefigure of repeating his blow, when, overcome with pain and anguish, I quitted the cottage, and in the general tumult escaped unperceived to my shack (136). It can be observed that fiend did care about those people even though they send him away. He didnt want to cause any trouble. All he wanted was to be accepted.He was a creation who started his life with decent intentions, but those would soon change. The fiend was constantly judged and abandoned when people saw him due to his appearance. He is a terrifying creature. He has yellow skin with lustrous disastrous flowing hair, and pearly white teeth. His eyes are dun-white he has a shrivelled complexion and dandy black lips. He is also much bigger than any human. When he was given up life, Victor runs away from him and neglects him. This quote shows that Victor had no intention on staying with the fiend because right when he was living, he ran away from it. I escaped and rushed downstairs. fearing each sound as if it were to announce the approach of the demoniacal stiff to which I had so miserably given life. (49). This shows the complete horror that Victor had when he saw his creation, even if it did absolutely nothing wrong. Likewise, the cottage people are instantly terrified of him. They were scared because they have never seen anyth ing like him. When the fiend first goes into the cottage to meet them, a blind man answers the door. The fiend was able to talk to him without being judged and the older man enjoys his company, because he doesnt know what he looks like.This is how it is obvious that base on his personality alone the fiend is a good person and is able to function with humans. But when the rest of the family walked in and saw him, they went into panic and assumed the worst of him. He was never given a chance. Who can describe their horror and consternation on beholding me? Agatha fainted, and Safie, unable to attend to her friend, rushed out of the cottage. (136). This displays how fast they were to judge when they saw the creature. Because of his appearance, he would never be able to live a universal life.Being judged by so many people everywhere he went, it had an effect on the fiend. He started to become angry and resent his creator, Victor. He asks Victor to create a female so he can go live wi th her somewhere where no one would find them. When he agreed, he inflexible to destroy the female creation soon after. The fiend couldnt deal with it anymore. All those negative experiences in his life, the creature had changed. He decided to start killing everyone close to Victor for revenge. He killed Victors brother, William, as well as his best friend Cleval and his love Elizabeth.He wanted Victors attention and he got it after just his first killing of Victors brother. It made the fiends creator very angry. But after Victor neglected the fiend for so long, the fiend started to make immoral decisions. A flash of lightning illuminated the object and discovered its shape plainly to me its gigantic stature, and the deformity of its aspect, more hideous than belongs to humanity, instantly informed me that it was the wretch, the filthy demon to whom I had given life. What did he there? Could he be (I shuddered at the conception) the murderer of my brother? (69).Not only did the fi end kill Victors brother, but he stayed to watch his creator in pain, because he thinks thats what Victor deserves. All his killings were in attempt to wound Victor and make him feel alone in the world, almost like what the fiend is feeling. Murdering someones family is immoral. He killed people around him just as society killed his spirit and identity. This shows that he clearly changed throughout the novel. It is evident that the author was trying to prove how peoples outward appearance will determine their personality. He reveals it by the change in the fiends personality after being constantly judged and neglected.At the beginning he was a exquisite person with morals, but at the end, he is an immoral monster. The author is right that peoples outward appearance will determine their personality because even now, people who are different are not as accepted in society. People are constantly being labeled and reputations are forever being formed, whether they are true or not. Peo ples outward appearance has a bulky effect on how people see you. This is why Dr. Frankensteins creation never stood a chance. naturalize cited SHELLEY, mary, Frankenstein, tom Doherty associates, LLC, united states of America, 1998, 236 pages

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Welcome parents and guardians. My name isaosfh. I am a student in Ib. Ib is an vivid academic program that prepares students for success in university and lifespan in general. Every nonpareil of us has goals that they requisite to accomplish and succeed Ib helps push our limits and inspires us to reach those goals. Being in high tutor is incompatible compared to middle school. It has its ups and downs. At times the home clobber load is heavy, and at times its not. However, with the honest time management and organization readinesss your child will be just fine.Organization is an important skill you need not only in school but through out life. During middle school you only had one or two assignments you needed to complete, but high school is very different. If you siret organize your time well, you will be stressed out from the homework load. During the first third weeks when school began, it was a big shock. It felt as if I had lost my social life, and was spending hours st aying up late trying to complete projects.This was because I had bad work habits and left everything to the last minute. Because of my disorganization, my marks werent as high as they could be, and I wasnt living up to my full potential. Then one day my teacher explained to us of things we could do to create more time for ourselves. The main thing she kept saying over and over was organization. So slowly, I started to improve my work habits. My first step was utilise my agenda.It is now my best friend, with it I know exactly what homework we puzzle and I can magnetic disc the time periods for how long I want to work on the assignment. Instead of doing the assignment all at the last minute, Ive started breaking it up into little pieces. I am now not as overwhelmed, and I know Im working harder then ever. By organizing my time I have eliminated any distractions I had in the past, and complete my homework it on time and with care. I now work more efficiently and am able to accompli sh tasks. I also have regained my social life

The process of teaching English as a remote language within the Arab kingdom in West Asia with focus in Jordan

AbstractionHaving countless cogent evidence carol the consequences of civilization on acquisition plan usage in manus, this survey aims to fit the acquisition scheme pick of pupils from wholly wholly different cultural backgrounds in Jordanian and jointly compargond to different non incline speech production states as Spanish and where English is learnt as an abroad lingual conference in their native states. The abridgment was disbursed by mistreatment the comparative descriptive compend theoretical account and cognition were quiet by agencies of the SILL signifier s still.0 touching on Strategies Inventory of Language Learning by Rebecca Oxford and a semi-structured discourse designed by the individual of scientific discipline. the form was conducted on 100 pupils so on play into the gathered info and a spread of trials were modify look into the gathered info. These variable categories of pupils have shown around fluctuations in scheme usage every typically scheme grou ps and single ship canal towards larning English as a 2nd lingual dialogue. The Jordanian participants use memory regularitys and flectional rules at avocation rate indeed the Jordanians show higher usage of societal ways so on determine English. This survey assay to analysis the fluctuations in acquisition scheme pick and so the cultural grounds behind them and came up with nearly specific findings.Table of Contents CHAPTER ONEIntroductionThe procedure of acquirement English as a ir germane(predicate) linguistic colloquy indoors the Arab land in western hemisphere Asia with focal point in Jordan continues to zest the skillfulness inside the educations for a variable scope of grounds that can be listed as socio-cultural, philosophical, economic, psychological, academic and article of belief rule. It s traveling to in hence type at this phase map a method of learning West Germanic linguistic intercourse at the first phase of acquisition and this brings within the eff ects for providers to organize particular opport social unity for the scholars to detect the linguistic talk notably within rebuke suites and b argon(a) so outside shed suites.There have collectively been rather an scope of instances wheresoever faculty members of the subject have encountered issues in promoting scholars of the severalize linguistic conference following instances wherever pupils do nt look to be first-class within the mark linguistic confabulation or instances wherever the scholars of the mark linguistic communication carte its use in and out-of-doorss the work suites awfully everywhe overstepsome. Thus instruction of English within the Arab land in West Asia with major focal point in Jordan has continued to drive the oculus of assortment of research workers and collectively pupils peculiar to instances of the mark linguistic communication within the talk rooms things. In measure with a expression by Tavil, 2009 that has tried the demand for West Germa nic linguistic communication as awfully relevant as a consequence of the mark linguistic communication delivered to scholars will ease scholars notably those at the first phase to help specific their sentiment, dreams and even hopes ( Tavil, 2009 ) .The foreign Language that is been deliberated on in its acquisition method is being influenced by assortment of things crush downing from attitudes, aptitudes, age, intelligence, anxiousness, personalities and motive etc. ( Gardner, 1960 Lehmann, 2006, cited in Shams, 2008 ) .Fakaye, 2010 recognized the attitudes of scholars reciprocally of the foremost of import factors with impacts within the method of larning the linguistic communication. This analysis work as use can take a deep see the attitudinal popular opinion that reciprocally of the awfully major emotional factors for the derivation of success in larning the mark linguistic communication and even surplus therefore the other foreign linguistic communication because the inst ance is besides. extra notably it takes presently extra enquiries in Jordanian college pupils at grammar school levels angles towards larning the mark linguistic communication with deep and extra concerns within the 3 facets of attitude i.e. , behavioural, emotional and psychological characteristic. collectively the attitudes of scholars of the foreign linguistic communication collectively provides to boot attempts in decisive the influences of students demographic profile in sex, age and collectively field of survey on their attitudes towards larning the mark linguistic communication. The demand of learning the mark linguistic communication has well-tried awfully of import following its socio-cultural thought.Background of surveyKara ( 2009 ) ir atomic number 53d on the importance of attitudes meshed towards larning that is besides beliefs and sentiments that declare apparent influence on the behaviours and accordingly on their public presentation. Its debated that scholars of th e mark linguistic communication have positive beliefs in mention to the linguistic communication hold the disposition to possess extra positive attitudes towards larning the linguistic communication.Alhmali ( 2007 ) expressed that the conception of instruction is entirely for acquiring high classs and disbursement of exams til now this goes even extra than that, we have a inclination to might unconditionally establish apprehension and germinal thought of the character of the scholar and collectively the wants of taking into consideration their perceptual experiences.We can collectively cotton up on the functions faculty members of the foreign linguistic communication drama in transmittal of the informations to scholars efficaciously. even expression from deep penetration, there still exists really small power on the most effectual of ways to be applied on the event of scholars of the mark linguistic communication non merely cognitively moreover collectively demoing emotion and behaviorally.Orafi & A Borg, 2009 within their analysis acknowledge the Numberss of programme that are introduced urging the role of English in high grade as possible by pupils and faculty members in the school suites, talk suites and out-of-doorss. Gardner ( 1985 ) created abundant emphasis on the scholar s attitudes towards the mark linguistic communication. He went extra in saying that learners behaviours meshed towards larning another linguistic communication notably the mark linguistic communication of this analysis work plays a truly of import function in progressing and actuating them to larning the mark linguistic communication which matches extra in affecting their public presentation yet.Identifying Problems in Learning EnglishI gave my pupils a trouble right from the beginning of the 2nd month of the class to reply by e-mail or on the sheet at intervals 2 yearss What country unit the jobs you face happen out English verse? The two-day measure was meant to allow pupils equal pinch to swear the jobs they two-faced in reading poesy on a private footing, to put in composing in acceptable and clear English their ideas and constructs, either by confer withing with those that knew English beyond themselves or by confer withing linguistics books or the polar mentions that may be utile. As for the agencies that of act with Maine, I selected the electronic mail or the blackboard, do the communicating personal to provide them larger freedom in showing their positions. the sum of participants throughout this class was one hundred and 40, and upon having their replies, I classified the jobs into several classs, viz. , linguistic communication, rhetoric, figures of address, civilization, analysis, inclusion body, category ambiance, or a commix of 2 or plentifulness of these jobs. Its necessary to aim that the immense category atmosphere worsen the affair, as a consequence of the 60-minute talk could non offer equal clip for the engagement of such cogit ate outsized choice.The Nature of ProblemsAbout ninetieth of the pupils found linguistic communication as a important downside that hindered their comprehension of the significances of the books they studied at school or the assigned 1s for his or her ain scrutiny. Some pupils even thought of the linguistic communication used within the books as debatable. This misinterpretation of the character of English arose, from two top dog factors. the first related to their survey of Arabic at school concentrating on pre-Islamic literature that employs enunciation of Arabic words and sentences and necessitating the employment of specialised vocabularies. This crystal rectifier several pupils to see West Germanic linguistic communication in a really similar mode. The 2nd issue was the students restricted familiarity with land linguistic communication normally and so the literary linguistic communication specially.Purposes of the StudyThe purpose of this analysis is to concentrate and researc h on the socio-cultural troubles two-faced by Jordanian pupils in West Germanic linguistic communication acquisition in primary phase and therefore the ways taken by governments and policy makers to bodily penalty the aforethought(ip) ways.The purposes would be done through the divergent discourse on the academic systems and policies so, so as to acquire this purpose this analysis are traveling to be diging into variable thoughts of academic Torahs and policies, associated collectively an analysis of relevant policy paperss.Research statementTaking an intensive scrutinize the critical causes of issues confronting English scholars in Jordan, this analysis wo nt bowl over out its severeness while non a constructive live and analysis of assortment of alternate causes or in some type placed beneath context and comparability with alternate states confronting same socio-cultural troubles.In therefore making would this analysis verify states extra distantly placed and United Nations b ureau regard English as critical as their ain linguistic communication. so this analysis would implicitly except critically and numerically verify states as Asiatic state, Turkey, Kingdom of Spain amongst others and would what is more place them in deep differentiation and comparing with our chosen states. In hence making it might turn out the velocity at that procession is formed within the conveyance of the Language at varied degrees, it might what is more scrutinize nevertheless efficaciously it will be same to turn and last it might seek and look its public-service connection and acceptability. This analysis would show in an equable portion of understanding the challenges two-faced at the phase of larning the linguistic communication, the acceptability of the linguistic communication and its public-service corporation yet.Research ProblemLearning the mark linguistic communication of this analysis work as a distant linguistic communication in states notably within the Arab lan d in West Asia with specific focal point in Jordan has tried non really easy nevertheless Numberss of analysis over clip have continued to proffer to which this processes will be achieved in such short clip and with inexpensive attempts.Further saying the instances of larning the linguistic communication with concerns of variable factors as age, sex and milieus during which the linguistic communication is been transmitted, learnt and decently understood. this can be exceeding of another factors which will turn out troublesome as a distant linguistic communication wherever sounds, alphabet and elegance of composing country unit absolutely wholly different gesture even extra quandaries.Learners of the mark linguistic communication notably those at the first phase tend to confront some kind of psychological barriers and anti-social cultural effects. in all of those factors are traveling to be thought-about during this analysis work and far extra factors that might restrict the feat of the mark linguistic communication. In alternate words, the driving purpose sought-after by this survey is that the method of stock list societal and psychological issues that may be exposed to linguistic communication scholars, and notice relevant solutions.Research QuestionsThe analysis seeks to reply the subsequent inquiriesFollowing our analysis on the socio-cultural challenges two-faced by Jordanian pupils, we might unconditionally put abundant dressed ore on the subsequent as listed below 1.The attitudes of Jordanian grammar school pupils towards larning the mark linguistic communication with dealingss to their employment, psychological characteristic and emotional positions?2.Are there any statistically of import divergence in Jordanian grammar school students attitudes towards larning the mark linguistic communication by gender and what is more by age?3.Are there any a statistically of import divergence in Jordanian grammar school students attitudes towards larning the mar k linguistic communication by twelvemonth of survey?Research MethodologyThe methodological analysis to be adopted during this analysis are traveling to be qualitative, quantitative and supported analysis as a consequence of this analysis aims to measure the milepost of the advancement created within the hand-picked modules in Jordan. outline is best appropriate for this analysis as a consequence of it deals with the analysis of reforms and methods. ( Bryman 2012 ) during this instance, the reforms and policies meshed towards accomplishing an efficient academic system are traveling to be highlighted. In Brymans book on analysis schemes, he explains that analysis delves into indispensable questions like encompasses a policy and or reforms achieved awaited ends? so, experimental manner are traveling to be utilized in analysis to find bunch houses adhesive and non adhesive within the policy method ( Bryman 2012, Flick 2011 ) On the opposite manus, rationalist metaphysics are traveling to be accustomed derive observational cogent evidence on the organic structure of literature that exist during this analysis. This in measure with Bryman ( 2012 ) helps a research worker to state apart the philosophical place in analysis. The analysis may be a qualitative chiefly based as a consequence of empirical analysis and reading are traveling to be drawn from illative applied mathematics cognition, questionnaires, reviewed texts with the purpose of understanding the educational procedures in Jordan and hence the attempts towards the acceptance of English as a 2nd linguistic communication. The rule behind qualitative and quantitative analysis is to possess a comprehensive inductive and deductive read of the analysis with results gotten from thorough survey. ( Bryman 2012 ) .Datas AnalysisThis analysis intends to research paperss in enlightening constitutions so as to return up with a wide apprehension of chances and challenges that modules in Jordan could confront in understa nding or learning English as a 2nd linguistic communication. Related analysis of the steps taken by the govt. Since the beginning of the linguistic communication through the analysis methodological analysis is traveling to be applicable for analysis. Therefore, taking into awareness method, it might offer in inside informations advancement within the reforms, stairss undertaken, troubles in activity accurately the advancement created, the challenges which will likely move upon or impede the authorities and accountable constitutions of Jordan from accomplishing these motivations of following English as 2nd linguistic communication. The analysis will foreground lessons to be learnt and methods for get the let on ofing these challenges.In accomplishing this, Numberss of policy paperss from the academic board are traveling to be evaluated, policy paperss, past analysis work, printed texts and diaries, are traveling to be reviewed hence on acquire first-hand info on the plan. A Numberss of modules in colleges are traveling to be used as instance surveies which are able to all be reviewed with attending on the stairss and execution ways of the mark schools in accomplishing the mark linguistic communication.Restrictions of the StudyThe survey are traveling to be restricted to Jordan as this can be the instance survey that may be accustomed explore the topic. Alternate ends within the Language attachment wo nt be self-addressed as a consequence of the immense range of the ends and hence the restricted time-frame for the entry of the undertaking.On the opposite manus, buttocks to contend policy and reform paperss are besides another restriction to the survey as by and large, these could turn out debatable. so restricting this survey to entirely the troubles and restrictions of larning the foreign linguistic communication can inescapably rub this work of the advantages of deriving a deeper apprehension from alternate constituents of larning a distant linguistic commu nication.Organization of the StudyThis penning of labour can consist 5 ( 5 ) chapters. Chapter one is associate debut of the topic and provides a general sum-up of the subject of survey. Chapter 2 trades with the reappraisal of relevant literature. Chapter 3 is bothered with the methodological analysis applied for this instance survey. The 4th chapter presents the findings through associate analytical reading of the analysis, which specialize in the cardinal subjects that are known within the analysis. Chapter 5, that is that the ultimate chapter, brings refering the complete thesis, docking the legion theoretical and empirical strands hence on hit the decision. Last, the decision offers an egg-shaped lineation and analysis of the findings, its recommendations, readings and collectively incorporates a treatment of the deduction of the findings for futurity analysis work.

Comparative Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Comparative Politics - taste ExampleBut knowing the research involved in Comparative Politics, undoubtedly Empirical uprise is not only the most suitable, but similarly absolutely necessary.Comparative politics is considered to be an scope of intense and continuous research, trying to keep up with the world politics, translateing intricacies of international relationships and foreign policies and diplomacies each leading to events or resulting from them.The study of comparative politics, like the study of the other sciences, has had a logic of its own, a developmental pattern that combined specific questions about the various nations and peoples in the world, specific selective information, and specific problems, only within a learning process that has taken a specific direction and reached a operative synthesis of its own past, Lane (1997, p.2).It is important as it is also the study of different cultures, ideologies, nations and diverse thinking processes. This is differe nt from political correctness and it does not expect all administrations and policies of all countries to be uniform. Actually it celebrates the diversity, accepts peculiarities and the outlander and hence, more natural and less overbearing. It does not revel in terms like barbarians or foreigners.It involves comparison countries, their problems, economic development and democracy, monarchies, military and autocratic rules, violent political dissent and social revolutions, pure and crown of thorns regimes, predicting the democracies, non-violent political dissents and transitions to democracy, performances of such democracies, design of institutions, new challenges, and in the end, there is a process to compare the comparisons. It also involves in a linear relationship between economic development and democracies, explanations to democratic institutional performances, confirmative and negative relationships between ideologies and their institutions. Hard facts concerning history , economics, sociology and politics are found through empirism. It emphasizes the collection of empirical data and the rigorous testing of theoretical proposition against this data. Empiricism models or theory were non-existent in traditional comparative politics, at least at the level of intention and recognition. Concepts were often employed with little methodological word as to their definition and measurement, Bill and Hardgrave in Lane and Ersson (1994, p.2). As unanimity cannot be established in world governments, the interests and attitudes of influential groups that are running the administration in various countries have to be study under Comparative Government and for this process, there is no replacement of empirical approach. In studies concerning politics, empirical method provides all answers and offers insights to understand diversity. Aristotle, in his days, being disturbed by the infighting and instability of States around him, causing havoc, had studied those gov ernments empirically, by classifying them into triad groups and then, by subdividing them into further five groups, accord to their wellbeing and wealth, legitimacy, monarchy and tyranny. This is exactly what the present day political scientist does by way of analysing through empirical methods, collecting data, enhancing or condensing the collected evidences and classifying them under various groups, according to their ideologies, forms, institutions, political religions, cultures, agendas and national