The Role Played by Socialisation in Shaping Human Behaviour Has Been Overstated.’ Assess This Claim

Common sources of conflict – Conflict is an inevitable part of human relationships. Where commitment to mission and long hours with minimal resources intersect, nonprofit workplaces can be rife with conflict interchanges. Conflict can arise from managing differing perspectives and seemingly incompatible concerns. If we can accept it as a natural part of our emotional landscape, it can be easier to work with than if we expect (or wish! ) conflict to disappear and never resurface.As a manager, it is important to be able to identify and to understand the varying levels of conflicts and how these levels are manifested in different ways. An early sign of conflict is that â€Å"nagging feeling† or tension you feel, indicating that something is brewing under the surface. Pay attention to non-verbal behaviours such as crossed-arms, eyes lowered or someone sitting back or away from you or the group. These signs can provide you with important information about your current situat ion and can help you in assessing your next steps.If these signs are not dealt with in a timely manner, this sense of apprehension can shift to another level of conflict and can be manifested more directly with opposition and conviction. This aspect of conflict is addressed in more depth in the sections below. More often than not, these early warning signs are a part of a larger web of dynamics present in your organization. As part of our analysis, it is helpful to understand the source of potential conflict. Below are some common sources of conflict: Conflict type | Description |Values conflict| Involves incompatibility of preferences, principles and practices that people believe in such as religion, ethics or politics. | Power conflict | Occurs when each party wishes to maintain or maximize the amount of influence that it exerts in the relationship and the social setting such as in a decision making process. | Economic conflict | Involves competing to attain scarce resources such as monetary or human resources. | Interpersonal conflict | Occurs when two people or more have incompatible needs, goals, or approaches in their relationship such as different communication or work styles. Organizational conflict | Involves inequalities in the organizational chart and how employees report to one another. | Environmental conflict | Involves external pressures outside of the organization such as a recession, a changing government, or a high employment rate. | Once you know more about where the conflict stems from, you will be better equipped to address it. A variety of factors influence when and how conflict will surface. To get the bigger picture, consider all the sources above before taking action.Now, we will look at the various ways in which we can respond and manage conflict. Understanding conflict styles – A first step in dealing with conflict is to discover your preferred conflict style(s) and subsequently, learn how to manage a variety of situations usi ng different approaches. These styles have two basic dimensions: Assertiveness, which relates to behaviours intended to satisfy one's own concerns. This dimension is also correlated to attaining one's goals, Cooperativeness, which relates to behaviours intended to satisfy the other individual's concerns.This dimension can also be tracked as being concerned with relationships. A combination of these dimensions results in five conflict behaviours: 1. Competing 2. Accommodating 3. Avoiding 4. Collaborating 5. Compromising Each style is appropriate in particular contexts and learning how to be strategic when approaching conflict is ideal. Accommodating – The accommodating style is unassertive and cooperative. The goal of this stance is to yield. Typically a person using this conflict mode neglects his or her needs to satisfy the concerns of the other person.There is an element of self-sacrifice and this stance is concerned with preserving the relationship versus attaining goals. The mode is also known as an appeasement or smoothing style and is the opposite of competing. Competing – The Competing style is a power-oriented mode that is high in assertiveness and low in cooperativeness. The goal of this stance is to win. In this mode the individual aims to pursue one's agenda at another's expense. This may mean standing up for one's needs, defending a cherished position and/or simply trying to win. The goal is deemed very important.This style is also referred to as a forcing or dominant style. Avoiding – The avoiding style is both unassertive and uncooperative. The goal of this stance is to delay. In this mode an individual does not immediately pursue his or her concerns or those of another. There is indifference to the outcome to the issue and the relationship and the person withdraws or postpones dealing with the conflict. This style can provide a needed respite from the situation or it can inflame things if the issue keeps being pushed aside. This mode is also known as flight. CollaborateThe collaborating style is both assertive and cooperative. The goal of this stance is to find a win-win situation. Typically this mode is concerned with finding creative solutions to issues that satisfy both individual's concerns. Learning, listening and attending to both the organizational and personal issues are addressed with this conflict style. It takes time and effort. This mode is also known as a problem solving or integrative style and it is the opposite of avoiding. Compromise The compromising style lands one right in the middle of being assertive and cooperative.The goal of this stance is to find a quick middle ground. Parties find an expedient, mutually acceptable solution by having each person give up something and split the difference. This mode is also known as sharing. Dealing with difficult people When working in a group, there may be times when you will have to work with a difficult person. Often times, this person is no t aware of his or her impact on the group or the implications of his or her actions on others. Depending on the perspective, everyone has been viewed at one time or another, as a difficult person.Everybody has the capacity to be both productive and problematic in the workplace. It is all in how you view the situation. With a simple change in perspective, your experience with a difficult person can change from a situation that is happening to you to a possibly enriching learning experience. If you are experiencing a strong reaction to another person, there are two elements you need to consider: you and the other person. First, start with yourself. It is essential to understand why you are reacting to that person and the possible strategies you can use to address the situation.For example, a preferred conflict style can be exacerbated by a particular method of communication. If you have a tendency to avoid conflicts, are emails the only way you solve issues at the office? Or do you fi nd yourself saying things on email that you would never say in person. Many of us can hide behind our computers or take on a bolder, more aggressive persona. In essence, change your behaviour to work effectively with someone. There are many ways in which to communicate with your colleagues – face to face meetings, phone calls, e-mails, video conferencing etc. he possibilities are limitless. When working with a difficult person, begin to locate the problem inside yourself. Dr. Ronald Short, in his book, Learning in Relationship, states: â€Å"The impact someone has on us (feeling and thoughts we have inside) is our responsibility. To understand impact, we need to look at ourselves – not judge others† (1998). Remember, as a rule (and this is easier said than done), try not to take things personally. Nothing others do is because of you. What others say and do is a direct reflection of what is happening inside of this person. The Role Played by Socialisation in Shaping Human Behaviour Has Been Overstated.’ Assess This Claim Common sources of conflict – Conflict is an inevitable part of human relationships. Where commitment to mission and long hours with minimal resources intersect, nonprofit workplaces can be rife with conflict interchanges. Conflict can arise from managing differing perspectives and seemingly incompatible concerns. If we can accept it as a natural part of our emotional landscape, it can be easier to work with than if we expect (or wish! ) conflict to disappear and never resurface.As a manager, it is important to be able to identify and to understand the varying levels of conflicts and how these levels are manifested in different ways. An early sign of conflict is that â€Å"nagging feeling† or tension you feel, indicating that something is brewing under the surface. Pay attention to non-verbal behaviours such as crossed-arms, eyes lowered or someone sitting back or away from you or the group. These signs can provide you with important information about your current situat ion and can help you in assessing your next steps.If these signs are not dealt with in a timely manner, this sense of apprehension can shift to another level of conflict and can be manifested more directly with opposition and conviction. This aspect of conflict is addressed in more depth in the sections below. More often than not, these early warning signs are a part of a larger web of dynamics present in your organization. As part of our analysis, it is helpful to understand the source of potential conflict. Below are some common sources of conflict: Conflict type | Description |Values conflict| Involves incompatibility of preferences, principles and practices that people believe in such as religion, ethics or politics. | Power conflict | Occurs when each party wishes to maintain or maximize the amount of influence that it exerts in the relationship and the social setting such as in a decision making process. | Economic conflict | Involves competing to attain scarce resources such as monetary or human resources. | Interpersonal conflict | Occurs when two people or more have incompatible needs, goals, or approaches in their relationship such as different communication or work styles. Organizational conflict | Involves inequalities in the organizational chart and how employees report to one another. | Environmental conflict | Involves external pressures outside of the organization such as a recession, a changing government, or a high employment rate. | Once you know more about where the conflict stems from, you will be better equipped to address it. A variety of factors influence when and how conflict will surface. To get the bigger picture, consider all the sources above before taking action.Now, we will look at the various ways in which we can respond and manage conflict. Understanding conflict styles – A first step in dealing with conflict is to discover your preferred conflict style(s) and subsequently, learn how to manage a variety of situations usi ng different approaches. These styles have two basic dimensions: Assertiveness, which relates to behaviours intended to satisfy one's own concerns. This dimension is also correlated to attaining one's goals, Cooperativeness, which relates to behaviours intended to satisfy the other individual's concerns.This dimension can also be tracked as being concerned with relationships. A combination of these dimensions results in five conflict behaviours: 1. Competing 2. Accommodating 3. Avoiding 4. Collaborating 5. Compromising Each style is appropriate in particular contexts and learning how to be strategic when approaching conflict is ideal. Accommodating – The accommodating style is unassertive and cooperative. The goal of this stance is to yield. Typically a person using this conflict mode neglects his or her needs to satisfy the concerns of the other person.There is an element of self-sacrifice and this stance is concerned with preserving the relationship versus attaining goals. The mode is also known as an appeasement or smoothing style and is the opposite of competing. Competing – The Competing style is a power-oriented mode that is high in assertiveness and low in cooperativeness. The goal of this stance is to win. In this mode the individual aims to pursue one's agenda at another's expense. This may mean standing up for one's needs, defending a cherished position and/or simply trying to win. The goal is deemed very important.This style is also referred to as a forcing or dominant style. Avoiding – The avoiding style is both unassertive and uncooperative. The goal of this stance is to delay. In this mode an individual does not immediately pursue his or her concerns or those of another. There is indifference to the outcome to the issue and the relationship and the person withdraws or postpones dealing with the conflict. This style can provide a needed respite from the situation or it can inflame things if the issue keeps being pushed aside. This mode is also known as flight. CollaborateThe collaborating style is both assertive and cooperative. The goal of this stance is to find a win-win situation. Typically this mode is concerned with finding creative solutions to issues that satisfy both individual's concerns. Learning, listening and attending to both the organizational and personal issues are addressed with this conflict style. It takes time and effort. This mode is also known as a problem solving or integrative style and it is the opposite of avoiding. Compromise The compromising style lands one right in the middle of being assertive and cooperative.The goal of this stance is to find a quick middle ground. Parties find an expedient, mutually acceptable solution by having each person give up something and split the difference. This mode is also known as sharing. Dealing with difficult people When working in a group, there may be times when you will have to work with a difficult person. Often times, this person is no t aware of his or her impact on the group or the implications of his or her actions on others. Depending on the perspective, everyone has been viewed at one time or another, as a difficult person.Everybody has the capacity to be both productive and problematic in the workplace. It is all in how you view the situation. With a simple change in perspective, your experience with a difficult person can change from a situation that is happening to you to a possibly enriching learning experience. If you are experiencing a strong reaction to another person, there are two elements you need to consider: you and the other person. First, start with yourself. It is essential to understand why you are reacting to that person and the possible strategies you can use to address the situation.For example, a preferred conflict style can be exacerbated by a particular method of communication. If you have a tendency to avoid conflicts, are emails the only way you solve issues at the office? Or do you fi nd yourself saying things on email that you would never say in person. Many of us can hide behind our computers or take on a bolder, more aggressive persona. In essence, change your behaviour to work effectively with someone. There are many ways in which to communicate with your colleagues – face to face meetings, phone calls, e-mails, video conferencing etc. he possibilities are limitless. When working with a difficult person, begin to locate the problem inside yourself. Dr. Ronald Short, in his book, Learning in Relationship, states: â€Å"The impact someone has on us (feeling and thoughts we have inside) is our responsibility. To understand impact, we need to look at ourselves – not judge others† (1998). Remember, as a rule (and this is easier said than done), try not to take things personally. Nothing others do is because of you. What others say and do is a direct reflection of what is happening inside of this person.

Diet

Weight and eating right are constantly thrown at us today. Many diet and exercise plans claim to be based In scientific fact, that the findings have been completed In a lab under controlled circumstances to produce results. Some of these articles are titled â€Å"Weird Reasons We Gain Weight† and â€Å"The Psychology of a Restaurant Menu. † These articles are everywhere on the Internet, and make various claims behind the science of eating, food and things it can do to our bodies.I will examine the popular science behind the psychology of eating, the popularity of diets proven by â€Å"science† and how science drives our eating habits as a society and culture. David A. Kessler is a Harvard trained doctor, lawyer and former commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration. Kessler Is also the author of the book â€Å"The End of Overeating† which examines why people cannot resist or stop consuming certain foods. Kessler believes that overeating begins In our brain, not In our bodies.He has developed a theory that claims that foods high In fat, salt and sugar alter the brains chemistry In ways that causes people to overeat. L According to Kessler, rather than satisfying hunger the combination of salt-fat-sugar stimulate the brain to crave more of these foods. What happens is these foods cause the brain to release dopamine, the neurotransmitter associated with pleasure center, into the person's body. This causes the person to associate these foods with pleasure, causing a craving of the food.Over time, Just the thought or sight of the foods makes the dopamine pathways light up, causing an uncontrollable desire for the food. Once the person has eaten the food, the brain releases voids, which produces emotional relief. This combination of dopamine and voids create a pathway that activates every time the person thinks about the food. Deprivation, such as that caused when a person diets, only causes a person to crave the food more, this Is wh y diets don't often work. Kessler says that a rewiring of the brain Is required to stop this cycle.Once this Is done, the body stops craving foods like It did before. 2 The difficultly will be changing how and what we eat as a culture, o that these foods are not as readily available. Much of the science behind diets is rooted in the proper nutrition needed for ones' body. Recently, Chris and Alexander van Tulle, identical twins and both physicians, decided to test the effectiveness of two different â€Å"popular diets. † Chris' consisted of super low fat, only 2% of his daily intake was fat, while Alexander diet was high-protein, that completely eliminated sugar.They had a similar daily routine, and followed the exact same fitness regime every day. Both experience unwelcome side effects, from bad breath to constipation. Alexander felt sluggish and had issues keeping up with Chris on bike rides. Chris on the other hand, claimed he had a constant gnawing hunger that couldn't be satisfied without fats. While Alexander was the weight loss winner for the month, his high protein diet caused his body to go Into ketosis, a state In which the body burns fat but doesn't effectively provide the brain with the glucose (sugar) it needs for energy.

The Effects of Divorce on Children and the Issues Involved Research Paper

The Effects of Divorce on Children and the Issues Involved - Research Paper Example It has been unveiled that divorce draws very strong and negative impact upon the children. The mental and physical health of the children is disturbed when their lives are changed due to the separation of their parents and the difficulties in adjusting in the new setting often evolve several short and long term negative impacts upon them. Proper handling of all the issues raised from the divorce of the parents is very important to ensure the normal future life of the parents and for this, it is imperative that the parents must manage the pre and post divorce relationship in a manner that they could sustain and support their children both physically and mentally (Laumann and Emery, 2000). The divorce of the parents generally acts as multiple stressors for the children. When they came to know that the things going to abruptly change for them after the divorce they are surrounded with lots of worried and uncertainty because it is not possible for them to figure out what exactly would happen to them and how their life would be managed after the separation of the parents. This uncertainty not only injects stress and depression among the children but also makes them fearful and frightened about their future. They have to cope up with the changes in their family structure brought by the divorce and then possible remarriage of the custodial partner. The situation seems highly challenging and distressing for the children because their immature minds often fail to understand several behaviours and reasons behind certain actions and ultimately their mind set is badly affected from the divorce of the parents. Children are strongly affected from the way parents deal with each other and when one partner hurts the other physically or emotionally, the children also experience stress and extreme depression. The poorly managed conflicts bring high level of apprehension

Family Nurse Practitioner in Primary Care Assignment

Family Nurse Practitioner in Primary Care - Assignment Example The program was widely opposed by physician and nurses and many people from the nursing profession, their objection was regarding the title of the program as they believed that it is something very ambiguous and such training programs in primary care will easily â€Å"control and devour nursing education and practice† (O’Brien, 2003). With the passage of time, primary care programs for nurses have grown and have been classified into different programs: Women Health Nurse Practitioner, Family Nurse Practitioner, Neonatal Nurse Practitioner, Adult Nurse Practitioner, Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, Acute Care Nurse Practitioner, Geriatric Nurse Practitioner and Psych-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. A family nurse practitioner is a registered nurse with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing and Masters of Science in nursing degree. A family nurse practitioner is also a qualified and competent member of the healthcare sector, who is ready to fill a sensitive position of family nurse practitioner in primary care to provide services to meet the demands of the society. Family Nurse Practitioners have proven their efficiencies and effectiveness in providing high quality and cost effective health care services and health care consumers have also sensed the importance and value of a good service. A family nurse practitioner has several roles to choose from as a base for her career. FNP is able to serve the population living in both urban and rural areas such as hospitals, public health departments, physician offices, HMOs, community health centers, nursing homes, home health agencies and student health clinics. FNP is capable of providing them health care in acute illness, high blood press ure, headache, diabetes, chronic illness and obesity (Zerwekh. & Claborn., 2004). After the completion of nursing program/studies, nurses have many choices of roles to choose from as a final field to start practice. For a nurse practitioner,

Financial analysis report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Financial analysis report - Essay Example This can add to strength of Microsoft, showing that the company has a track record of rapid growth. Price/Sales Ratio: Microsoft’s price to sales ratio is above the industry average that shows that the company has better investment prospects than its peer companies or the market itself. Price/Book Value Ratio: This ratio should be lower for better value but Microsoft’s price/book ratio is greater than the industry. Therefore, market places less value to the book value of the company. Receivable Turnover: The receivable turnover shows that Microsoft can quickly convert its accounts receivable into cash than the other companies in the market. Current Ratio: The Microsoft’s current ratio is quite strong, following the trends. It is better than the industry showing that creditors have much security in investing in Microsoft. Quick Ratio: Microsoft’s quick ratio again reveals a favorable trend and a strong position. Inventory Turnover: The inventory turnover of Microsoft shows the marketability of its inventory and reasonableness of quantity on hand. It is lower than the industry average showing Microsoft’s weakness. Book Value/Share: Microsoft’s book value per share is greater than the other companies in the industry, indicating a high book value of net assets behind each share.

Development in the Management of Human Resources Assignment

Development in the Management of Human Resources - Assignment Example These include employees who collectively contribute to achieving business objectives. It deals with employing people, utilizing, developing capabilities as well as compensating their services in relation to the organizational requirements. The need to produce work based on knowledge and acknowledging that workers are key to a maintaining competitive advantage has improved new HRM initiatives. This study tries to analyze the major problems facing the Play Smart Toy Company and thereafter examines HRM policies and practices to be employed by the company to increase its productivity and growth. In reference to the above case study, there are various human resources problems identified. Â  Ken Williams with the help of a small management team decided to develop a line of specialty toys that made a big impact in the market. The company grew in production and gained a big market share in Melbourne, Sydney, and Canberra and later into the Chinese market. As demand increased the company employed more staff and the business went from a small operation to a much larger concern by employing a lasting production staff. Despite healthy sales figures profits in 2007 and the first part of 2008 dropped significantly. The then accountant explained to Williams that this fall had been brought about by the increase in costs, for example, the rising labor costs. Apart from the increase in costs, there were other issues of concern. Â  First was the efficiency problem with the production staff. It had been discovered that the staff were just moving about and not doing their duties as per the rules and when the demand was high most of them were stressed and this led to a decrease in production.

Transformational Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Transformational Leadership - Research Paper Example The following questions would like (Drenkard, 2013)wise be appropriately addressed: (1) is the style currently being used? (2) Has it been revised? (3) If it is being used, in what area is it used most often? The chosen leadership style would be expounded, as stated; and provide details if it was found to have a place in health care today. The definition of transformational leadership was described by Johnson & Potts (2012) as an â€Å"action-based leadership style that recognizes the need for change, which is guided by admirable influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized attention† (p. 12). This was corroborated by Clavelle (2012) who described transformational leadership as â€Å"striving for open communication and fostering change in an environment of shared leadership and decision making† (p. 345). From these definitions, it could be deduced that as perceived from the word ‘tranform’, this style of leadership aims to change some facets of the work setting towards remarkable improvement, growth, and professional development. In fact, Leach (2005) emphasized that â€Å"transformational leadership is a suitable approach in organizations requiring change, development, initiative, and creativity in turbulent and uncertain environments† (p. 228). T his statement therefore indicates that there are some conditions or situations that were deemed to be emergent prior to confirming that the tranformational leadership style is appropriate. The conditions include: (1) current status being in a turbulent or substandard scenarios; (2) there are opportunities seen that would significantly improve the current work environmen; and (3) proposed changes would bring the organization or its stakeholders to unprecedented heights of professional growth. The concept of transformational leadership, reported to have been initiated in 1978, was attributed to

The Importance of Progression Planning and Retaining Human Resources Essay

The Importance of Progression Planning and Retaining Human Resources Within Hong Kong Construction Organizations - Essay Example From this study it is clear that macau has a large demand for construction workers because of the opening up of the gaming industry with a record 10,000 Hong Kong construction workers being employed in Macau in 2008. China has been employing Hong Kong surveyors, architects and engineers extensively. The relocation of construction talent to China and Macau is due to the opportunity to work on high-profile, large and iconic projects at these destinations. Apart from China and Macau, Singapore and Malaysia have also been competing for skilled engineers based in Hong Kong. The manpower needs in the sector in Hong Kong is expected to grow at 1.9 percent annually by 2018. However, Hong Kong has not demonstrated change in the use of technology in the sector while safely and quality continues to be an issue. This has impacted the local labor market in Hong Kong as higher incentives and pay structure have become essential to attract talent in the industry. Major construction projects such as railways and housing have been conceived but the retirement of the ageing workers and the reluctance of the younger generation to join the industry are some of the other challenges for the sector in Hong Kong. The Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors has released a statement in February 2014 that skilled shortage in the Hong Kong construction market is high among quality surveyors, bricklayers, carpenters and joiners. Despite technological changes the Hong Kong construction industry continues to be labor-intensive and crafts based.

Energy Drink Study (will give case study info) Essay

Energy Drink Study (will give case study info) - Essay Example In the beverages industry, marketing is an essential undertaking. Each firm tries as much as possible to create product awareness, study consumers’ buying behaviors, and subsequently offer a competitive product in terms of quality and prices. Market demands vary across different consumers. In this regard, different products are offered by the different players in the beverage industry. Energy drinks, sports drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages have persistently become a central component of the beverage industry (Gamble 81). Carbonated soft drinks and fruit juices have had to deal with the stiff competition that has been realized with the production of alternative beverages. Firms that produce carbonated soft drinks and fruit juices have had to turn to the production of alternative beverages as competition in the industry exacerbates. Consumption of energy drinks, sports drinks, and vitamin-enhanced drinks have significantly increased, leading to reduced consumption of carbonated soft drinks and related products. Major players in the beverage industry like Pepsi, Coca-Cola, and Red Bull among others have pursued creativity, innovativeness, and technological advancement in the pursuit of producing alternative beverages that are highly demanded, thus fetching huge revenues for these firms (Rhum 150). The alternative beverages have become quite lucrative, in many instances outperforming carbonated drinks and related products. A company like Coca-Cola that primarily dealt with carbonated drinks has also engaged in the production of alternative beverages due to the high price premiums and profitability associated with alternative beverages. With the competitive trend in the industry, marketing has had to be informed by responsible marketing practices. Pepsi, Coca-Cola, and Red Bull among others have dominated this business, resulting in stiff competition for a worldwide market share. Fair competition has

NASA Spirit and Oppurtunity Mission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

NASA Spirit and Oppurtunity Mission - Essay Example Their landing came a mere four months after Apollo 11’s first lunar landing.†(nasa.gov) The program went into an extended sortie of robotic explorations of what was originally a short stint of just three months. A chronology of events had described in exciting details its latest day-by-day, year-round movements monitored by ground control in such areas of operations already named and identified as â€Å"Troy† to wit: â€Å"05-January-2010 Toe-In Maneuver Before Drive, 04-February-2010 Improving Northerly Tilt, 09-February-2010 Spirit Parks for the Winter, 22-Jun-2010 Spirit Standing By At Troy, 04-Aug-2010 Spirit in ‘Sweep & Beep† Mode and 12-Aug-2010 ‘Sweep & Beep’ Campaign Continues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (nasa.gov) This latest event involving Opportunity exemplifies the usefulness of the Mars rovers program and the important objectives identified with such move. The extended program that has already made another scientific probe that had sent new information regarding the atmosphere in Mars. â€Å"Images that NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity took at the end of an 81-meter (266-foot) drive on Sept. 16 reveal a dark rock about 31 meters (102) feet away.† (nasa.gov) â€Å"The dark color, rounded texture and the way it is perched on the surface all make it look like an iron meteorite,† said science team member Matt Golombek of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, The third and probably one of the most important exploits of the latest scientific program is the employ of the rovers mission in cloud computing: â€Å"The project team that built and operated the Mars rovers’ Spirit and Opportunity has become the first NASA space mission to use cloud computing for daily mission operations.†(nasa.gov) The importance of â€Å"Opportunity and Spirit† Mars rovers program is giving more hope of increasing our knowledge of the solar system. This idea is not far-fetched with the initiative of the the cloud team at Microsoft Corporation,

Main Character Of The Novel Essay Example for Free

Main Character Of The Novel Essay Throughout the book, we see that George Elliot has a distinct pre-occupation and interest with presenting the working class rural community in an authentic light. She writes the book as a social anthropologist, studying the more primitive community of the time. She has a large amount of sympathy towards the poor, although she herself was not a member of the working class. Using the story as a vehicle she aims to expose the plight and indignity of the poor in Victorian England, it was her main motive. Therefore, her focus throughout the book is in fact village life; in this case a fictional village named Raveloe. Focusing on the villagers, their attitudes and their way of life acts as a way of also commenting socially and politically on the injustices they face. Raveloe can easily be regarded as the main character as without it, the narrative following Silas has little significance. The village shapes the narrative, being responsible for most of the major areas of interest in the tale. All the individual characters provide interest and together form the character of the town, from characters such as Dunsey to Dolly. The story begins with a sympathetic description of the honest folk of Raveloe. Our first real source of interest in the novel comes from the villagers hostile reaction to Silas. We are initially told about Silas through the eyes of the villagers. Elliot echoes the villagers process of thought and way of speech throughout the novel, namely at the beginning. The sound of Silas loom is described as questionable and he is said to have a dreadful stare. She is mimicking the mannerisms and phraseology of Raveloe as a whole and its reaction to the unknown. Silas mechanical method of working on the loom is seen as un-natural by the villagers, who can only judge him on their own experiences, centred round farming and agriculture. Due to this unfamiliarity, they see even pitiful attributes as sinister. His bad eyesight is thought of as a stare. This reaction of the village acts just as a reaction of a human character. It is typical of the village to think this way. In this respect then, the village can be regarded as any other character would. It has attributes and a predictable nature. It is these collective attributes of the community that make Raveloe one character, with which Silas relationships revolve. His relationships and connections with the characters of the community provide the most significant points of interest in the novel. Initially, there is the theft of his gold by Dunsey, then his integration into the community with the help of Dolly and later his confrontation with Godfrey over the fate of Eppie. Dolly represents the warmer, caring part of the Raveloe community, opposite to William Dane, the bitter symbol of Silas past. She is described to seek the sadder and more serious elements of life and pasture her mind upon them. Dolly seems to almost gain sustenance from helping those in need, in this case Silas. She helps him with the upbringing of Eppie, offering clothes and her own time. She fulfils her found role in the community. Although she can be seen as the prime example of the villages moral capability, such sentiments are seen universally. When Silas informs the villagers of his lost gold, the villagers group together in order to help him. By entering The Rainbow, Silas enters the hub of the village community, beginning the process of his integration. After seeing the authenticity and depth of Silas grief, any former rumours disappear as the villagers begin to relate him to themselves, seeming anxious to help. The event acts as a rare source of excitement, as the villagers become incapable of distinguishing reality from imagination, fabricating information concerning a pedlar with ear-rings. However this all represents a symptomatic characteristic of the village a concern to help others. The villagers reaction concerning the pedlar, is an indication of another key characteristic of Raveloe a belief in superstition. Although the villagers provide lengthy descriptions of this so called thief, we know that no such character even exists. It is an example of how, in such close cut communities, little matters, true or false, can be embellished, escalating into common belief, leading to the creation of new superstitions. Silas is initially associated with the devil and spirit worship. These suspicions are only heightened by his apparent skill with herbal remedies, his strange cataleptic fits, as well as his past home, Northard, where wizards, magic and folklore were associated. However his evident massive bereavement following the loss of his gold dispels any former rumours. Much of this superstition originates from the villagers discussions in the Rainbow, an important focus of the novel. This can be seen in the tale of Cliffs Holiday, a well known rehearsed tale. Mr Macey, the apparent head of this specific social community, describes how a tailor, known as Cliff, had tried to ride the tailor out of his son, attempting rising up the class system by making a gentleman out of his son. The story however ends with the son dying, and Cliff following him soon after. The story entails much superstition, mentioning old Harry, a euphemism for the devil, suggesting this unnatural desire to climb the class system was responsible for the death of the boy. The villagers, opposite to Cliff, are in fact very accepting of what they have been given. They feel content with what God has given them. Their pre-occupation is not to rise out of poverty but to merely co-operate with each other in order to make it bearable. This is seen in Dollys clear desire to help anyone in need, or at least to do the best she can. None of the villagers seem to complain about their conditions. They support Silas and each other. Another example of this is in Aarons desire to help Silas later on in the novel with his garden. He has no qualms about working in his spare time, he sees it as simply a decent thing to do. These sentiments would largely be a result of his mother, Dolly, and the way she brought him up. The meetings in the Rainbow are an important aspect of the social nature of Raveloe. Like going to Church, it is a social function. This religious aspect of Raveloe is alien to Silas due to his origins of the non-conformist Lantern Yard. He knows nothing of churches, only chapels. This complete lack of knowledge somewhat isolates him from the community; he does not go to church. However Dolly, is adamant that Eppie shall be brought up in the Raveloe faith and at the same time, introduces Silas back into religion. Both the working class are present in such functions as well as the gentry. The gentry are represented by the Cass family. The squire sees himself above the other members of the community, only becoming involved with them at festive, social occasions, such as the new-year party at the Red House. They are differentiated from the poor and, unlike Dolly, Mr Macey or any other members of the lower class community, represent little more than themselves. The Cass family are one of the villagers topics of discussion. They perceptively see the faults of the upper class just as they see faults in the lower classes. They take a specific disliking to Dunstan, due to his lack of respect of anyone, especially those below him. Godfrey is also seen as weak, Mr Macey describing him as a slack baked pie, commenting on his moral flaws. The primitive but nevertheless logical philosophy of, those who do well are rewarded while those who dont suffer, is apparently proven in both cases. Dunstan ends up dying due his greed, while, although it is unknown to them, because of his rejection of Eppie, Godfrey is seemingly punished by Nancy being unable to conceive. Silas innocence on the other hand, is eventually rewarded. He is blessed with Eppie, who changes his life. These conclusions follow the villagers moral code, maintaining justice. Categorically speaking, the village has a variety of overall attributes and a predictable nature so therefore can be described as a character. Furthermore, being the main focus of the novel, we can go on to suggest it is the main character. We are more aware of the values and nature of Raveloe as a whole than any specific character even Silas. All the main events of the novel are shaped by the village. Each personality of each character represents a different aspect of the village as a whole. These individual characters amount to create one, main character which dictates the narrative and plot of the novel. Elliots concentration on her depictions of the village, indicate that she desired it to be the main focus. Obviously Silas is important, however, it is the events that unfold around him in Raveloe that really influence the direction of the novel.

The Movie Called Crash English Literature Essay

The Movie Called Crash English Literature Essay Most people would say that at one time or another they have felt like seeking revenge. Is it not in human nature to fight back when we are hurt? Edmond Dantes from The Count of Monte Cristo does something extraordinary. Framed by his best friend for a crime he has never committed, he takes it upon himself to seek revenge on all those involved. This revenge all but consumes him; it becomes the focal point of his existence. Many a murder, rape, and assault in todays society have been the result of revenge. Thankfully, not everyone goes to such extremes to seek payback for a wrong done unto them. The film however lets us live vicariously through Dantes. We can sympathize with his emotions and almost excuse him for his actions because of the extenuating circumstances he has gone through. One concept discussed was that of a role model. The power to shape society comes from those that we look up to in a leadership positions. There are positive and negative role models. It is hopeful that the ones we choose to look up to fall into the positive rather than the negative category. As an example, Edmond Dantes is a good man that becomes victim of unfortunate circumstances. If the film had continued as started Dantes would have been a positive influence. However, due to his twist of fate he becomes a negative role model up until the very end of the movie. This is when he acknowledges all he has done in the name of revenge and realizes although the outcome is good what he had done to get there was wrong. It is never a good idea to seek revenge as it hurts everyone involved. This was the lesson Dantes figured out at the very end of the film. The concept of social mobility is quite interesting. I know I myself, would not turn down such an opportunity within my lifetime. Think of all the doors that can open up to one that is privileged enough to up their social position. Many people in our society work very hard daily not just to survive, but also in the hopes to better their lives in such a way. Would social mobility not have been a benefit to some of the characters in Boyz n the Hood? It could have opened doors to a better education, and perhaps replaced poverty with the opportunity to lead a better quality of life. Maybe fewer characters would have lost their lives. Such an improvement in social class may have provisioned them with the opportunity to become productive members of society. The third concept I can identify with is that of the psychopath. I am sure that at some point in our lifetime we will all meet up with at least one. For me that psychopath was a friend in high school. She was so charismatic that you could not help wanting to be friends with her. Soon however, I caught her lying in order to manipulate me. Everything she did was with the focus on her getting her way; or whatever object she desired at the time be it human or otherwise. When confronted my friend would easily laugh things off, often making me feel silly for mistrusting her in the first place. In the end her lack of remorse for the hurtful things she had done cost our friendship. This friend had personality traits closely related to that of Christine from The Bad Seed. Christines lack of empathy and remorse lead to murder in her attempt to get whatever her heart desires. Christine plays the part of a charming and perfect little girl. She is poised, well mannered, and a doting daughter. Und erneath the exterior, she is actually a manipulative psychopath controlling the unwitting adults and world around her as if they were puppets. 4. We viewed some great socially relevant films this quarter. Here are two more that I believe would fit in perfectly as well. Crash an intense socially charged movie that involves people of all colors, races, social classes and sexual orientation. To put it precisely there are enough issues brought up in this film to offend everyone. However, strange as it may sound it is not stereotypical in the least. Every character has a surprising quality about them that keeps the viewer from forming or keeping an absolute opinion of them. The movie in itself is about different groups of people living in Los Angeles whose lives become intertwined in some way; usually violence, and collide. Each character in the film tends to play the part of the protagonist. Yet they also tend to foil themselves through their own prejudices. In turn, every character actually becomes their own antagonist as well as that of those around them. Crash is full of conflict in regards to racial tension or profiling, corruption within the police force, and political issues. It deals with issues such as drugs and poverty affecting minorities, as well as revenge. It exposes how the characters seeking revenge take their anger out on an entire race rather than those who originally wronged them. The main setting takes place in Los Angeles over a two-day period. However, we find the background switching back and forth from the affluent part of the city, to a middle class neighborhood, and finally to the poverty stricken hood. A wide variety of concepts we studied can applied within the film. Hypergettoization applies to the poverty, despair, and drug addiction the characters living in the hood are dealing with. The strain theory pertains strongly to a part in the movie when two young black men steal a car that would normally be unattainable to those living in poverty. The concept of stratification is viewed throughout the entire film; and strong divisions of society with emphasis on its different levels are clearly pointed out. 12 Angry Men is another film with the subject matter of social conflict and prejudices. A young Latino from the slums remains accused of murdering his father and put on trial. A jury of twelve men from very different social, economic, and cultural backgrounds convenes to decide the boys fate. Initially eleven of the twelve jurors are quick to declare the boy guilty due to their own personal prejudices. One lone unprejudiced juror is able to convince the others to put their hatred aside in order for the boy to be given a fair trial. The non-biased juror represents the protagonist in the film; while those with prejudices act as the antagonists. The jurors symbolize our government, while the young Latino is representative of all those who the government has ever unjustly accused. The conflict in this film is also based on racial bias, prejudice, and fairness. The film is set in a juror room on a particularly stifling hot day. The air conditioning is broken leading to heated tempers and the trapped feeling of sardines in a can. Symbolic of the stifling feeling one must have while waiting for others to make the decision of your fate. The criminology concept fits into this film. Especially in the sense of how a criminal should be treated by society. The consensus of jurors did not go in with the innocent until proven guilty attitude; it was quite the opposite. Intersectionality may also be applied to the film. If we have an understanding of the interrelationships between different social and racial groups; then we can have better relationships with members of different social profiles. 6. The movie The Bad Seed brings up many psychological questions. It is an extremely risquà © movie for the culture of the 1950s since this was a time when the issue of juvenile delinquency was becoming more progressive. The most controversial question this movie poses is are there those that are just born evil? The second important issue addressed is that of mental disorders. Is it safe to assume that those that fall under the category of psychopath or sociopath acquired these traits through a hereditary condition? It seems that it is more acceptable or the norm for us to think of adults as having these types of disorders. When it comes to children with these psychological problems, it tends to be harder for society to accept the idea. Who wants to believe that children are not always as innocent as they seem? Although many questions are brought up, there are no definitive answers by the end of the film. We as viewers are left to question ourselves about our own beliefs on the subject. Perhaps it is not such a silly idea to believe that a psycho or sociopath is actually born into society and not necessarily the product of society. The most obvious concepts that apply are sociopath and psychopath. Rhoda obviously has all the classic traits. She is charming and sweet, yet she is a manipulative liar that will stop at nothing including murder to get what she wants. Nature vs. nurture is relevant as well. The theory to this day is still very debatable. Is a persons personality determined more so by their genetic background or the environment they grow up in? In Rhodas case, the former rather than the latter appears to be the true. Where does this leave us by way of role models? Rhoda seems to have had positive role models. Her parents and the upstairs property owner known as Aunt Monica, all have prominent roles in her life. We know role models can have a positive or negative effect but Rhodas role models seem to have neither influence on her. She is what she is with or without their example. Other relevant concepts that apply are norms; or proscriptive norms since murder is obviously a taboo act in our society. The Bad Seed is a great controversial film the ending does not seem fitting. However, I wonder what would have been done differently, had there been no Hays Code restrictions at the time. 7. The main point of Bulworth is to express the radical change that needs to take place within politics. It is time for a new attitude; the rich control politics. The middle class and the poor do not have very much pull if any. In reality, politicians are just puppets filled with the ideas of those with the money to finance their campaign. The film also points out that there is still an incredible amount of racialism. People of color are still not treated, as they should be; even by politicians who promise to address the issues that are of most concern to them. Warren Beatty is attempting to address the separation issue that is still upheld today between social classes and race. Through all his rhyme and rap Beatty gets his point across shockingly well. The message that he is trying to convey is that people are people. No matter the color or race, people of the same social classes need to break down the walls. The white middle class has much more in common with the black middle class than they will ever have with the rich. Once society understands this concept, we would no longer exist as the ghosts but would become the spirit that Beatty is looking for. I believe he is telling us that only at such a level can we expect the changes we are looking for to take place. Politicians need to take on more of a populist attitude such as Bulworth. The common person deserves to have his needs met just as much as the rich. The film makes an issue of pointing out and mocking the oligarchy that takes place during a political campaign. Lastly, the entire film is an allegory based on the corrupt process of politics, how we live as a society, and the economics of the U.S.

Relationship between Marketing Mix and Consumer Behaviour

Relationship between Marketing Mix and Consumer Behaviour The primary idea of a marketing mix was introduced by Neil Borden in 1953 while describing the recipe that was needed to make a successful marketing campaign. The idea was then given the 4 Ps in 1960 by E. Jerome McCarthy. Marketing Mix is a combination of elements used in the sale of a specific product. The marketing elements that affect a products performance are seen in four distinct functions, also called the Four Ps of marketing. They include product, price, place (of distribution), and promotion. All these functions are considered in the process of planning a marketing strategy. Any one may be enhanced, deducted, or changed to some degree, depending on the market scenario, in order to create a strategy necessary to sell a product. A brief description of each of the aspects of the marketing mix is explained below. Product The physical product/service offered to the consumer. Product decisions include aspects such as function, appearance, aesthetics, post sale service, product warranty, etc. Promotion Promotion decisions are those related to telling or communicating to the target customer what the product has to offer. The duty involves luring a customer in for the sale and then finally completing the required sale. Promotions teams have a responsibility to selling to a new customer and increase the use of the product to encourage more sales. Since these costs often over shoot the products price, a break even analysis must be conducted when making promotion decisions. The promotions team decides to which kind of customers the product needs to be sold. This is also significant in the planning of the product cost and the type of promotion that would go into the promotion of the products. Promotion include advertising, public relations, media types, etc. Place This deals with the location or the place where the product is expected to be sold. The product has to reach the consumers through a series of distributors and retailers. It is associated with the distribution channels which all serve as the means for getting the product to the customers who pick it off a shelf or pay for it otherwise. The distribution system performs all the transactional, logistical, and facilitating functions between middle men and retailer which brings them the best deals and the most effective profit. Distribution decisions include market coverage, channel member selection, logistics, and levels of service. Price Pricing decisions should take into account to account for profit margins and competitors. Keeping up with competitor pricing and treatment of the product in the market brings in a great deal of strategy to the products life cycle. Pricing includes along with the marked list price, the discounts, financing, and more options such as leasing. The following section will deal with describing the effect of the various aspects and sections of the Marketing Mix with association with RD(Research and Development), Brand Portfolio, Sales force and Market Research. Link between Marketing Mix and Consumer Behaviour The psychological processes that a consumer goes through to recognize his needs and finding ways to fill the gaps formed by these needs, making decisions about a purchase (eg., whether or not to pay for a product and, if they are then, which brand do they want to buy and where), process information, planning and implementation of these plans (eg., by engaging in comparison or window shopping or actually paying for a product). It is often necessary to understand the customer and his/her regional and cultural influences. Chances of an Indian or a Chinese bargaining at a retail store are higher than that of an American customer. This affects the pricing and the promotion done for the product. Often, the advertisements and the promotion strategy are re-used in different parts of the world on account of the type of customer. This make a difference on spends and proper consumer behaviour can often bring the difference between a successful and an unsuccessful campaign. Decision making by customers include the availability of the product in the region and information that helps him/her make the required decision pertaining to the purchase of the product. Let us use a few examples to explain the link between the marketing mix and consumer behaviour. The denim and jeans industry which include some internationally recognised brands including Levis, Lee and Pepe understand that within their target range, we include the young crowd. Commonly people up to 30 years of age. They, therefore make sure that the campaigns and marketing include a specific intention to pull these customers in. The ads therefore include several young people in harsh surroundings. KFC and McDonalds have learnt that people tend to eat more in bright coloured surroundings. Therefore, all their outlets usually have bright colours across the walls. A study showed that the These are only very simple examples of consumer behaviour. Understanding the performance or the process of aligning the 4 Ps as per our customers needs is huge in scope and profitable in practice. Link between Marketing Mix and Market Research Market Research is the process of gathering data or info in order to better understand the aspects which would affect the performance of a product on the market. We have to understand if a particular move or step is worth the risk. Incorrect or inadequate market research often leads to poor performance due a poor understanding. Most companies are founded on the principle of profitability. Goods or services they provide should aim to be something that the customer needs and the company can benefit from. That is where market research plays it hand at making a decision. Doing that research accurately will determine if your business will flourish or fall flat on its face. The research conducted around a single product includes analysis of the customer during the purchase phase, the reaction to a specific advertisement, the positioning of the product on the shelves of the stores they appear in, the comfort of the customer with the product etc. In a business strategic sense, they are used to collate Market Information (data about competitors and the supply and demand situation), Segmentation (understanding what kinds of customers appeal to what kind of customer reacts to a specific form of promotion based on common criteria), Market Trends (the fluctuation of the market), Risk Analysis, Competitor Analysis etc. Each and everyone of these activities brings the product manufacturer/service provider with the info he/she needs to process and successfully sell the product. This changes the manner in which the product is sold. The price, the positioning, the promotion and the product itself depends on this research. Link between Marketing Mix and RD Research and Development in a company often implies the need or the drive to improve the product and allow for a better replacement to make its way into the market. The idea behind research and development is to maximise the benefits that the consumer gets out of the product. The idea behind research and development is to improve the products and possibly charge a premium on the improved product which will increase profitability and allow the company to re-invest in research for a better product or a better variant of the same. The benefits from research are manifold. They include better products and hence a more loyal customer and possibly new ones. A company which thrives on research like a Pharmaceutical company is normally not considered the best kind of investment for a player in the stock market. This is because of unusual and over the top spending patterns for research which doesnt necessarily return the investment made. Research and development is also to keep one step ahead of the competitor. To remain at or reach to the top of the table, a company must constantly come out with a product thats just better than the competitors product. Pricing is always a major aspect to consider while working the specifics in research. The price of a product depends on the amount of research that goes into its development. The premium charged on a product comes from patents that protect it against duplication. Patents however, are only offered for a temporary period. Post that, the product is open to duplication. In this case, the price drops to a minimum, usually to push for maximum sales and to allow a return from plain sales. In promotion , the results of research are often touted in the ads about the same. This comes from Surf Excel and Bournvita ads which talk about extra acting chemicals and extra nutrients respectively to make it a better choice than competitor products. Link between Marketing Mix and Sales Force The sales team that drives the amount of revenue coming into the company involves the final point of contact with the customer. This is the point where all the promotions and pricing bring the customer to the final decision making stage. The best salesman is who gets the sale done and the papers signed. It is assumed at times that a large sales force implies the sale of more products. This is not true. A sales force means training. The training involves teaching your sales force selling the product and the nuances associated to the product. This leads to an automatic rise in the spends of the company and very easily reflects on the prices of the products. The size of a sales force depends on the reach of the product in terms of distribution. The type of product also as a major say in the strength of the sales force. Pharmaceuticals have lesser sales force as they cover doctors in mostly urban and sub-urban areas. FMCG sends their sales force all across the country and the world to maximise sales. Link between Marketing Mix and Brand Portfolio The brand portfolio is a system used to categorise the products into high-earners, dead-beats and break-evens. The brand portfolio is created for both analysis of the past and application in the future. The portfolio will contain details about the product that helps the company make decisions about the products future. These include the promotional activities that the product will go through, the price at which we make it available to the customer, the positioning of the product and the condition of the products complete development. The price of a high-earning luxury item can be increased and the smaller items which lose you money will be the losers which will be either pushed back from promotion or pulled out altogether. The idea behind a brand portfolio is to keep a check or an eye on the products performances. Application of Key Learnings to Reckitt Benckiser in the liquid antiseptic division Reckitt Benckisers liquid antiseptic is the very popular Dettol. Dettol has been a strong contender in the liquid antiseptic industry. It has ruled the roost in the industry for several years and still holds solid ground. Dettol enjoyed over 80% of the market share in its antiseptic form. The soap and the liquid soap formats however, had just about 15% of the industry. The soap and liquid soap formats did not enjoy the same success that the antiseptic did. The demand for Dettol rose from about Rs. 105 billion in 1999 to Rs. 160 billion in 2009. The demand forecast graph for Dettol over the past 10 years can be seen below. Consumer Behaviour Study of Dettol A consumer behaviour study to understand the success of Dettol as an antiseptic brand was conducted to understand the reasons for the popularity of the brand. The study revealed that 85% of the respondents knew about Dettol i.e. they were aware that the product existed. 72% of the respondents used it as a preferred antiseptic. 72% also continue using Dettol because of Brand Loyalty and 56% are open to using other Dettol products. Dettol and Reckitt Benckiser have never had to worry about the competition so far. The users mostly preferred Dettol to other products. The figure below refers shows the analysis, study and the results of the research conducted. Pricing Strategies surrounding Dettol The Dettol variants have always been competitively priced with the market. The Soap variant was priced at Rs. 16/75mg and Rs.26/125mg. This was priced against the similar Savlon product which was priced at Rs.16 and Rs.24.5 respectively for the two package varieties. Both of the products however, are far higher than the alternate Medimix which was Rs.12 and Rs.17 for the two variants. At this point, a manager would wonder whether or not the right idea would be to work towards the price. Dettol can charge a minor premium on the product price because it holds a certain edge over the existing products. However, Savlon is catching on fast considering its an antiseptic which doesnt hurt as much. The manager therefore, tries to make the best of the current scenario and ensure that the competition wouldnt eat into its market share. In liquid soap, Dettol was exactly the same as the Fem variant which both sold as Rs.55/250ml. The market share of the liquid soap for Dettol is very low. A change in the price might even help the return to the market and allow Dettol to take the product ahead. The Shaving Cream division sees Dettol lying between the Old Spices Rs.37.50/70g and Rs.24.50/30g and Palmolives Rs.36/70g and Rs. 19.50/30g. Market Research and Research and Development of Dettol Reckitt Benckiser and Dettol say Good health begins with hygiene. The Dettol variants were restricted to products which represent hygiene and banked on the very reliable name of Dettol to push the hygiene factor across to the customer. Dettol was broken down into the Antibacterial Soap, Liquid Handwash, Shaving Cream and Band-Aid. The marketing team at Dettol looked into what could be done to maximise the reach of the Dettol brand and where it could be used conversely to decide what kind of variant would be required and what type of product is needed for the next step. The products all promote killing germs, freshness and absolute cleanliness and purity. Dettol has performed extensive research on the expansion plans of their major brand. The Dettol brand took the reach of Dettol to go as far as possible. The reach of Dettol moved from homes and hospitals to hotels, theatres, railways, educational institutes, saloons, school events. Trend Analysis of Dettol between 2000 and 2004 The trend analysis has shows sales numbers on a high. The numbers have constantly been increasing over the past several years. In 2000, the sales numbers were close to 48000. In 2001, the numbers went up to 55000. Uptil 2003 following this, the number remained largely stagnant and then moved to dip slightly below 54000. However, the year 2004 was a fantastic attack on the market and shot up numbers in a single year in 2004 to 63000. We can tell from the demand forecast table that the demand made for the hygiene industry products kept going up. The demand kept going up. Sales number increasing means we need to bump up the sales force. Ideally, the need for a greater sales force comes from the need for more retailers. The more the retailers, means that the reach of the product has increased and there are more people who are willing to buy and to sell. A sales force involves training. The need for greater performance is what keeps a company going. To maximise sales, they have to increase sales force. To increase sales force, they have to spend more money on the hiring, training and keeping the sales force. This automatically leads to greater spending in the event that the product might not do well, thus bringing up the costs of the product. SWOT Analysis of the Reckitt Benckiser Dettol industry Below we have a brief SWOT analysis of the industry. Strengths: High market share of antiseptic liquid Brand loyalty Most trusted Brand High quality at affordable prices Weaknesses: Poor marketing strategies for Dettol Shaving Cream Dettol Talc Burning sensation of Antiseptic liquid Opportunities: Dettol Water Purifier due to increase in epidemics Opportunity to capture the shaving cream segment Threats: Competitive Pricing Attractive Packaging of competitor products Good Advertisements by competitors

Joseph’s Dialect in Wuthering Heights Essay -- Language Literature

Despite the fact that English is considered one language, there are many regional varieties called dialects spoken all over the world. Although these dialects are mutually intelligible by English speakers, they are quite different. For example, British English is markedly different than American English. British speakers pronounce words differently and use a different vocabulary. Some words and phrases have different meanings in American English versus British English. One example is the word â€Å"bathroom.† If an American were to ask where the bathroom is in a British home, they might be sent to a room with a bath and no toilet, which is probably not what the American wanted. The two dialects may even differ in grammar in some cases. For example, â€Å"gotten† is considered correct in American English, but in British English, â€Å"got† is used. Dialects do not merely differ according to country, however. Within a single country, there may be many dialects. In the United States, one can usually tell if a person is from the South, East, West, or Midwest based on the way that they speak. There are regional dialects within states and even within cities as well. Every dialect has its own phonological and syntactic patterns, as well as some unique vocabulary. Analyzing dialects can be difficult due to the fact that is it hard to transcribe the pronunciation of an individual dialect because English is not spelled the same way it is pronounced. Furthermore, one person’s interpretation of spelling a dialect might not match up with another’s, so the reader might not â€Å"hear† the dialect properly. Regardless, written versions of dialects are essential to discussing dialectical differences. Sometimes when an author wants to emphasize the fact that a c... ...lects. The reason this is possible may go back to the early stages of language acquisition. Although we learn to speak English in one particular way, our brain retains the capability to understand English spoken in hundreds, if not thousands of different ways. Works Cited Class Notes. Dec. 6th, 2010. Clark, Virginia P., Paul A. Eschholz, and Alfred F. Rosa. Language: Introductory Readings. 7th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2008. Print. —. Language: Readings in Language and Culture. 6th ed. New York: St. Martin's, 1998. Print. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams. An Introduction to Language. 8th ed. Boston: Thomson, 2007. Lee, Marnie. "Joseph's Yorkshire Dialect in Wuthering Heights." Associated Content. Yahoo!, 4 May 2010. Web. 12 Dec. 2010. "Understanding Joseph's Speech." The Reader's Guide to Wuthering Heights. Web. 12 Dec. 2010.

Twelve angry men Essay -- essays research papers

An examination of the quantitative and qualitative paradigms will help to identify their strengths and weaknesses and how their divergent approaches can complement each other. In most cases, researchers fall into one of the two camps--either relying exclusively upon "objective" survey questionnaires and statistical analyses and eschewing warm and fuzzy qualitative methods, or using only qualitative methodologies, rejecting the quantitative approach as decontextualizing human behaviour. However, social researchers recognise that each approach has positive attributes, and that combining different methods can result in gaining the best of both research worlds. Quantitative research uses methods adopted from the physical sciences that are designed to ensure objectivity, generalizability and reliability. These techniques cover the ways research participants are selected randomly from the study population in an unbiased manner, the standardised questionnaire or intervention they receive and the statistical methods used to test predetermined hypotheses regarding the relationships between specific variables. The researcher is considered external to the actual research, and results are expected to be replicable no matter who conducts the research. The strengths of the quantitative paradigm are that its methods produce quantifiable, reliable data that are usually generalizable to some larger population. Quantitative measures are often most appropriate for conducting needs as...

A Cultural Problem, an Economic Crisis Essay -- Economics Finance

In the past two years, Western society has experienced what many of its leaders have called the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. At the very least, it has been the worst period of instability that our younger generations have ever seen in their lifetimes. But unlike other financial crises that have largely been triggered by external forces, such as the oil embargoes of the 1970’s, this latest one was a product of our own internal policies and practices; even more so, of our cultural outlooks on the very notion of finance, credit, and debt itself. Specifically, the financial crisis that has just come to pass was the result of the new culture of neo-liberalism and the hyper-individuality and debt-based consumption that it brought with it. What’s worse is that, without an admission of this new culture, or any effort to change it, our current economic system will be regularly plagued with such crises from here on into the future. Before any efforts can be made towards a cultural shift however, we must first understand, at least briefly, the current socio-political ideas that are creating such issues in the modern western market. As Kotz and McDonough put it, â€Å"the concept of ‘global neo-liberalism’ best captures the contemporary social reality.† This ‘new social reality’ was, as they put it, a return to older liberalism, and a retreat from the more government-controlled, Keynesian style of the post-war years. With this relaxing of government control or influence over the markets, we saw an emergence of a new individualistic, and privatized outlook on the market system. Neo-liberalism as doctrine, creed, or culture, or whatever you may call it, became almost something of a throwback to the early days of capitalism... ...olitical Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001. Dumenil, Gerard and Levy, Dominique. â€Å"The economics of US imperialism at the turn of the 21st century,† Review of International Political Economy, 11:4 (2004), pp. 657-676. Retrieved from EBSCO, 21 April 2010. Eichengreen, Barry. â€Å"The Last Temptations of Risk,† National Interest, 101 (2009), pp. 8-14. Retrieved from EBSCO, 21 April 2010. McDonough, Terrence, Michael Reich and David M. Kotz, eds. Contemporary Capitalism and Its Crises: Social Structure of Accumulation Theory for the 21st Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Smart, Barry. Economy, Culture and Society: A sociological critique of neo-liberalism. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2003. Westra, Richard, ed. Confronting Global Neoliberalism: Third World Resistance and Development Strategies. Atlanta: Clarity Press, 2010.

Macroeconomics Impact on Business Operations

Macroeconomics is reflection of performance and structure of economics of a nation or a region. Gross Domestic Produce (GDP), consumption, unemployment, inflation, international trade etc come in ambit of Macroeconomics. Whereas, microeconomic is about actions of businesses (firms) and consumers in determining demand- supply/ prices at market place. A Business Operation is very much part of Macroeconomic activities cycle. Other than Business Operation or ‘Corporation’, other key elements of macroeconomic cycle are ‘household’, ‘workforce’, ‘government’ and ‘financial market’. For illustration, following aspect of macroeconomics directly impact a business function Increase in consumption: Positive macroeconomics indicates healthy economy which means high consumption or growing demand for products. High market demand for a product leads to opportunity for efficient business operations, and growth in top line of the business house. However there are industry specific business cycles which may have certain lead/ lag with the overall macroeconomic health of region/ country. International trade: Incase government promote imports by local industry, there is adverse impact on related business operation as increase in intensity of local competition asks for business to redefine their business strategy. Whereas any sop extended in macroeconomic policy for increasing exports would provide bigger market to the business, asking for increasing capacities and manpower. Monetary Policy: Monetary policy is an important lever with government to control supply of money in the system. Tightening of money supply by fed / apex bank impacts a corporate/ business considerably. For a business operation to raise debt at lower interest rates, macroeconomics of the country must be in healthy shape. Countries like Russia, Brazil etc have used monetary policy other macroeconomic measures to contain galloping inflation effectively. In nut shell each nation use macroeconomic measure to keep good economy health, efficient business operations and well being of public. References: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Olivier Blanchard (2000), Macroeconomics,. Prentice Hall 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Heijdra, B.J. and F. van der Ploeg (2002), Foundations of Modern Macroeconomics, Oxford University Press   

My Summer Vacation

My Summer Vacation My summer vacation was really fun and I enjoyed every minute of it. The first day of my Summer vacation was boring, but I knew it would be because it was the first day. I spent Almost my entire summer vacation with Astrid and my cousin as well as my family. The first thing I wanted to do was to go to the beach. I ended up going to the beach, but it Was when Tania invited me to come out of a video for her fifteen and I of course I said Yes. As well as Astrid did too. I was really excited that I was finally going to the beach. When we got there the first thing I saw was the beautiful ocean. I wanted to get out of the Car already so that I could smell the fresh air of the ocean. But when I got out of the car It turned out that it was really cold and I was freezing. I had a great time though because I spend the day with my friends and I finally went to the beach. I also did lots of Shopping this past summer vacation. So there was a day that I decided that I was going to Go the mall and buy clothes. I called Astrid and said, â€Å"Hey Astrid lets go to the Mall† and she agreed on coming with me. Well then after a few weeks I went to the Movies with my sister and my cousins, we watched Green Lantern. And after a few more Days I went to the movies again but this time I saw three movies which were: Sucker Punch, Soul Sulfur, and Scream 4. There was a day where I really wanted to go bowling, But I had no idea who would I go with and who would take me . Then I called Astrid and Asked her if she wanted to go and later that day we went bowling and I was really happy Afterward. I had sleepovers with Astrid and my cousins and we would talk about so Many things. Then my cousin invited me to a party that I was really excited about. I also went swimming at my mom’s friend house; I enjoyed having the water on my face. While we were in the pool we played some volleyball, but I really wasn’t good at it so Team eventually lost and they weren’t very happy with that. When we got out from the Pool we went to see some movies with some chips and sodas. This summer was the best Summer vacation I ever had, I did so many things that I thought I wouldn’t do, but I did And I am very happy about that. My was goal was to have the best summer vacation and I achieved my goal. I had so many experiences and achievements. I hope I have another Great summer vacation that I won’t forget. My Summer Vacation My Summer Vacation My summer vacation was really fun and I enjoyed every minute of it. The first day of my Summer vacation was boring, but I knew it would be because it was the first day. I spent Almost my entire summer vacation with Astrid and my cousin as well as my family. The first thing I wanted to do was to go to the beach. I ended up going to the beach, but it Was when Tania invited me to come out of a video for her fifteen and I of course I said Yes. As well as Astrid did too. I was really excited that I was finally going to the beach. When we got there the first thing I saw was the beautiful ocean. I wanted to get out of the Car already so that I could smell the fresh air of the ocean. But when I got out of the car It turned out that it was really cold and I was freezing. I had a great time though because I spend the day with my friends and I finally went to the beach. I also did lots of Shopping this past summer vacation. So there was a day that I decided that I was going to Go the mall and buy clothes. I called Astrid and said, â€Å"Hey Astrid lets go to the Mall† and she agreed on coming with me. Well then after a few weeks I went to the Movies with my sister and my cousins, we watched Green Lantern. And after a few more Days I went to the movies again but this time I saw three movies which were: Sucker Punch, Soul Sulfur, and Scream 4. There was a day where I really wanted to go bowling, But I had no idea who would I go with and who would take me . Then I called Astrid and Asked her if she wanted to go and later that day we went bowling and I was really happy Afterward. I had sleepovers with Astrid and my cousins and we would talk about so Many things. Then my cousin invited me to a party that I was really excited about. I also went swimming at my mom’s friend house; I enjoyed having the water on my face. While we were in the pool we played some volleyball, but I really wasn’t good at it so Team eventually lost and they weren’t very happy with that. When we got out from the Pool we went to see some movies with some chips and sodas. This summer was the best Summer vacation I ever had, I did so many things that I thought I wouldn’t do, but I did And I am very happy about that. My was goal was to have the best summer vacation and I achieved my goal. I had so many experiences and achievements. I hope I have another Great summer vacation that I won’t forget. My Summer Vacation My Summer Vacation My summer vacation was really fun and I enjoyed every minute of it. The first day of my Summer vacation was boring, but I knew it would be because it was the first day. I spent Almost my entire summer vacation with Astrid and my cousin as well as my family. The first thing I wanted to do was to go to the beach. I ended up going to the beach, but it Was when Tania invited me to come out of a video for her fifteen and I of course I said Yes. As well as Astrid did too. I was really excited that I was finally going to the beach. When we got there the first thing I saw was the beautiful ocean. I wanted to get out of the Car already so that I could smell the fresh air of the ocean. But when I got out of the car It turned out that it was really cold and I was freezing. I had a great time though because I spend the day with my friends and I finally went to the beach. I also did lots of Shopping this past summer vacation. So there was a day that I decided that I was going to Go the mall and buy clothes. I called Astrid and said, â€Å"Hey Astrid lets go to the Mall† and she agreed on coming with me. Well then after a few weeks I went to the Movies with my sister and my cousins, we watched Green Lantern. And after a few more Days I went to the movies again but this time I saw three movies which were: Sucker Punch, Soul Sulfur, and Scream 4. There was a day where I really wanted to go bowling, But I had no idea who would I go with and who would take me . Then I called Astrid and Asked her if she wanted to go and later that day we went bowling and I was really happy Afterward. I had sleepovers with Astrid and my cousins and we would talk about so Many things. Then my cousin invited me to a party that I was really excited about. I also went swimming at my mom’s friend house; I enjoyed having the water on my face. While we were in the pool we played some volleyball, but I really wasn’t good at it so Team eventually lost and they weren’t very happy with that. When we got out from the Pool we went to see some movies with some chips and sodas. This summer was the best Summer vacation I ever had, I did so many things that I thought I wouldn’t do, but I did And I am very happy about that. My was goal was to have the best summer vacation and I achieved my goal. I had so many experiences and achievements. I hope I have another Great summer vacation that I won’t forget.

Power Gained by Deception

Hoe From Cornelius Usual to Kim Gong-UN, power gained by deception-by controlling the thinking style of the people, and power gained by physical or military force are two things that have always been a part of the world's politics through history. According to Citadel (Bibb† political deception may have a close relationship to and Impact on military operations† (page 2). These two Ideas both give the least positive ambiance, but they have never left the hands of the leaders of mankind.In a world where both methods† of gaining political authority exist, it is more appropriate to define the relationship between the two, than to compare and prove which is actually â€Å"better. † Deception and force have a chronological relationship: In the political aspect, the most effective way to gain what you want is by deception, and force is a necessity that follows to maintain the deception from dying out. Almost every major influence between societies- the so-called â⠂¬Å"mind war† that has happened through history expresses this relationship's definition.The Philippines, for instance, was conquered by the Spanish explorers for nearly 300 years. The long triumph of this colonization was not Like the other cases where the westerners' technological advancement caused the victory, but It was the huge Impact of Charlatanry that threw the rather innocent natives Into the traps of the Spanish. The Foolproof were not forced to refrain from fighting back, but they sincerely believed that they shouldn't.Shockproof (1990) wrote, â€Å"Using religious dogmas, they were able to convince the indigenous people, which they considered uncivilized and in need of guidance. (p. 83). Stopping the historical story here would make readers understand the power of deception, but the entire process of Spanish colonization did not work by deception only. The Spanish set strict rules for the natives to follow and implied punishments for anyone who went against it.Th e power of force is implied in this dictatorial colonization, and these rules were simply to make sure that the Filipinos stay inside the net of false beliefs. A lot of the native leaders were at flirts against the Integration of an unfamiliar society and the Influx of a belief they have never heard of, but It was the military strength they saw In the Spanish army that led them to stay low and eventually believe what they were told to believe. What could have happened if Spanish did not have the technology to create a sense of forceful power, a sense of position authority?The native would have not found the exotic idea credible, and sooner or later, would have abandoned the belief. Due to the fact that there was technological superiority, the power of force functioning alone would work and bring minimal results in the start, but it will definitely not last long because forcing them to obey by force would eventually lead the natives to fight back because they would know their rights to do so, and this belief would most likely be based on their own set of beliefs, their own, undisturbed source of Influence.Thus, it is generally agreeable that the power of psychological control Is Indomitable, but that fact does not Imply that the power of deception can stand on Its own. Another great example of a society ailing under deception, and being stuck â€Å"wealth the deception† with a power gained by military force would be North Korea, the home controlled by the well-known that their leader is the top of everything, and their â€Å"father† with the ultimate power.This may bring up a lot of political theory, but dictatorship, in its most basic sense, is a leader's deceiving of his people that everything should be done under his orders. Going back to the stated example, many would believe that the North Korean government's controlling of its people's minds is what kept the dictatorship, and the people's democracy' clear and stable, but it is actually the c ountry strict implementation of its laws and its isolation with other nations and other cultures that did the work.In November of 2013, a rumor, with evidence good enough to reach the front page of a South Korean newspaper, spread that 80 North Koreans were executed in front of the public for several reasons: possession of Christian bibles, distributing pornography and quite shockingly, even watching for watching Korean TV shows and dramas. All these various actions lead to the North Koreans introduction to the different thoughts and ideologies, especially the idea of capitalism.To stop these from happening, or to keep the deception functioning properly, North Korea had to use the dictator's authority to hold public executions in different parts of the country, so that nobody will even try to gain access to new ideas, and stay in what they believe right now. The system of North Korea is in fact, the perfect example of the relationship of the power of deception and power of force. It is quite inferable that with one of these two missing, the result would never be the name and Kim Gong-UN would not be the superior leader of North Korea which he is right now.For argument's sake, if North Korea lost all its military strength and the power to force people to follow, sooner people will be accessed to new ideas, and then they will realize that what their country has believed is not quite ideal, and the deception, the tool that functioned as the frame of North Koreans dictatorship may blur out and eventually shatter. Machiavelli quoted, â€Å"Never attempt to win by force what can be won by deception†.He emphasizes the point that winning by deception is indeed better than winning by force in politics, which this paper tries to address wrong. Sun TTS wrote that, â€Å"All warfare is based on deception. (Book 1, 18)†, which means that these two cannot be divided and as we see from history and that they must coexist. One point that argues to Machiavellian q uote is that deception does not last for so long, and things are to be revealed sooner or later, but it is the force that extends the time of the â€Å"revelation†, thus making the deception more effective.

Body Farm

Although, I love crime drama elevation series which revolve around gory homicide scenes and less than comfortable investigation techniques to include forensic anthropology, the Body Farm documentary still terrified me with its true nature. As much as I admire the anthropologists' pure intent to gain insights into the process of human remain decomposition in order to discover the true story of the dead, the images of the donor's remain left to decompose or human part burned at different temperatures did not bring me a pleasant feeling.I cannot Imagine how the scientists can deal with the putrid smells of decomposed flesh and the stench of burnt flesh. It Is satisfying to know the forensic anthropologist go to great length in serving mankind. They gave voices to the wrongful dead and allow them to tell the true story. The research left me with both revolting and admiration feelings. As a donor myself, I am happy with the thought that my body is still useful post mortem.If donating my b ody to science could help to further advance in knowledge of natural science, I would be ore satisfied than let it uselessly decay into the abyss. Without the donors, human kind would have rarely advanced in knowledge, and it would have denied us from understanding natural science as we know today. It is fascinating to know the forensic anthropologists could uncover a lot of mysteries from the death base on skeletons study. The human skeletons are known as a hardest part of the body and as important as the nerve system, heart, and other internal organs.I have always Hough bones as hard solid substance, In fact beneath the surface they are more Like sponges, with a lot of alarm pockets. This makes bones very strong and light. Without seeing the documentary, I wouldn't know the answers are In the bones, once the blood have been blushed away. By doing research about the transition of the bones under the fire, the forensics also know the differences of the burns patterns. From there, th ey can help the medical examiners with the testimony to uncover the cause of the death. There are so much to learn from bones!I was amazed that actual Body Farm exist for anthropologists to learn and conduct researches on real human bodies to advance scientific knowledge and assist law enforcement in crime fighting techniques. I have full respect for the scientists and the generous donors whose contribution help to the success of Body Farm. Body Farm By cataleptic beautiful forensic anthropologist, and I thought it only exists in fiction. The documentary proved to me that the human decomposition research facilities really exists, and its use for science was amazing.Initially, I thought this movie was not for did not bring me a pleasant feeling. I cannot imagine how the scientists can deal with the putrid smells of decomposed flesh and the stench of burnt flesh. It is thought bones as hard solid substance, in fact beneath the surface they are more like sponges, with a lot of air pock ets. This makes bones very strong and light. Without seeing the documentary, I wouldn't know the answers are in the bones, once the to advance scientific knowledge and assist law enforcement in crime fighting

Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanac Essay

Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanac - Essay Example and advice which altogether serve as a vehicle to improve a poor man’s economy and to realize how one’s wise utilization of frugal and industrious efforts and good perception of time may remedy deep situations of crisis among the impoverished and uneducated. Franklin even made it a point to equip his composition of Richard Saunders with proverbial sentences to teach poor people the simple yet practical means to procure wealth. Through â€Å"Poor Richard’s Almanac†, I think that Franklin desires for the people to achieve the heart of enlightenment and understand that love for wisdom, despite economic depression, can be a huge source of relief. To him, it occurs as though heavy taxes imposed by the government were not the ultimate cause of severe poverty in men, rather idleness which kept them from improving the quality of life. On further reading, it may be recognized as truly expressing sentiments that reflect an emerging American culture for which Franklin seeks to establish a purpose of comprehending that while the government should be held responsible herein, American people ought to have a more profound sense of accountability for

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Assignment 1 - Essay Example Kartomi and Andrew maintain that historical circumstances and/or developments acted as key drivers to the migration. The routes taken during migration for the two centuries have been used to evidence this argument. Two primary routes were used during the two-century Jewish migration, namely: the Southern Asian diaspora route and Northern diaspora route (Kartomi and Andrew 11). The Jewish group that travelled via the Southern Asian route used sea or land. Their travel time coincided to an approximate spice routes. Homogeneity among migrating persons was highly observed. This group was made up of Jews who were migrating voluntarily. Notably, most of them were family members who were moving with an intention to settle in Asia. Moreover, trade-based migration was also evident. There were groups of Jews whose migration into Asia was solely for trade purposes. Contrary to the southern route users, migrants who used the northern route exhibited heterogeneous aspects. Involuntary migration was also eminent as Kartomi and Andrew maintains. Over the two centuries, the northern route also saw movement of refugees into East Asia from central and eastern parts of Europe. Interest in East Asia was exacerbated by the Silk Road, following the railway system expansion along the road. The two-century migrations had so much to borrow from historical backgrounds. There were series of events that were taking place across the world, Asia and Europe being the central focus of Kartomi and Andrew with regard to the Jewish migration. Historical circumstances essentially informed Jewish migration into Asian territories. In the process, a foundation was set that would see Jewish history encompass musical outcomes relative to their migrations. Jewish history in the Asian soil became more musical to a point that it would essentially define their identity. It is in this respect that Kartomi and Andrew’s