Investment Appraisal Essay Question Essay

Q3) Using quantitative and qualitative information, suggest which school Felix and Holly should invest in. In the case study we are told that Felix and Holly are finding it hard to decide whether to invest in a soccer school or a netball school. They can use many different investment appraisal techniques which are both qualitative and quantitative in order to identify which investment would be most appropriate or worthwhile. They need to consider the level of risk involved, how quickly the investment will take to pay off and whether the investment will be profitable. There are three main types of quantitative investment appraisal techniques that Felix and Holly could use to identify which investment is most profitable. The first investment appraisal technique is payback and this measures how quickly the investment can be paid back. Using the estimations that Felix and Holly have submitted, the payback period for the soccer school is 3 years and 4 months. The payback period for the netball school is 2 years and 8 months. This means that Felix and Holly would be better off investing in the netball school as it would take a shorter period of time to cover their cost. Another investment appraisal technique that could be used is accounting rate of return. This appraisal measures the profitability of any investment and the profit is expressed as a percentage. Look more:  capital budgeting examples essay For the soccer school the accounting rate of return is 8.8% whereas it is 17.6% for the netball school. The comparison between these two proves that the netball school would be a better investment as the percentage of accounting rate of return is much higher than that of the soccer school. In addition, another quantitative method of appraisal is net present value. Unlike payback and ARR, this investment appraisal considers the value of money over time. It converts all monetary values into today’s values to allow for a realistic assessment of the returns of the years ahead. At 8% over 5 years, both the soccer school and netball school investments have a positive value which means that they are both worthwhile. However the value of the netball school is  £12,430 which is a lot higher than the soccer school value at  £6,950. This means that the netball school would be much more profitable for Felix and Holly as the value of the money is still greater than the soccer school. Qualitative methods of investment appraisal can also be used to identify which school would be most worthwhile for Felix and Holly to invest into. Some important factors that would need to be taken into consideration by Felix and Holly for their business are their objectives, resources available and the economy. A qualitative method of appraisal that can be used is internal rate of return. This investment appraisal allows specific information such as the return on the investment to be calculated. When calculated for the netball school, the internal rate of return is over 20% whereas the internal rate of return for the soccer school is between 16% and 20%. This means that the netball school has a higher rate of return than the soccer school. In conclusion, after using both quantitative and qualitative methods of investment appraisal I have identified that the most worthwhile appraisal would be the netball school. My reasons for this is because it has a shorter payback period which means that it would take a much shorter period of time to pay back. In addition, the accounting rate of return of the netball school was much higher than the soccer school. Moreover, the net present value proves that the value of the money invested within the netball school will be much higher than that invested in the soccer school over a 5 year period. Consequently, the internal rate of return shows that the rate of return on the investment of the netball school is higher than the return on the soccer school. Overall, all the various investment appraisal techniques that have been used have their advantages and limitations. A payback appraisal is quick and easy to calculate and can be easily understood but it does not calculate the overall profitability of the investment or consider timing of cash flows within the payback period. Whereas an accounting rate of return does take cash flows into consideration. It also focuses on the profitability of the investment and is a good source for comparisons. Its limitations are that it ignores the timing of cash flows and the value of money over time. A net present value appraisal considers both timing and size of cash flows but it is a fairly complex system to use. Lastly, the internal rate of return can be easily used to compare different investments but is also very complex to understand and use. All appraisal techniques have many limitations but they are valuable methods to consider when deciding on a particular investment. In this case all four appraisal techniques have been used to conclude that the most appropriate investment would be to invest in the netba ll school.

Risk Management Report

1. Introduction 1. Establish goals and context 2. Identify stakeholders (internal and external) 2. Risk Register 2. 1 Identify the Risks 2. 2 Analyse the Risks 2. 3 Likelihood, Consequences and Assessment Outcome of Risks 2. 4 Evaluate the Risks 3. Risk Treatments (Avoid; Reduce likelihood; Reduce consequences; transferring the risk; Retaining the risk) 1. Recommended Response and Impact 4. Implementation 4. 1 Proposed Actions 4. 2 Proposed Communication 4. 3 Responsibilities (Internal and External) 4. 4 Timing 4. 5 Resource requirements (funds, people, equipment etc) . Reporting and Monitoring 1. Introduction Risk Management is the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) process used by organisations to identify, assess and control risks by allocating resources. To minimise the probability and impact of hazardous events. The process allows for careful consideration of stakeholder’s comfort and enjoyment levels as well as identifying costs for resources. Strategies to manage risk include transferring the risk to other parties, avoid the risk, reducing the negative impact of the risk, and accepting any or all consequences of each risk. 1. Establish goals and context Each year, Hearing Exclusive Learning Centre offers a Christmas Party for its enrolled children. Their parents and volunteers, staff, board of management members and management are invited. Parents usually bring along guests who have not been specifically invited. Santa arrives by truck, parked outside the centre near to the road. We must minimise risks for the hearing impaired children and ensure everyone safely enjoys the event. 1. 2 Identify stakeholders Internal Volunteers Staff Board of Management Members Management Santa Sponsor’s TruckSponsor’s Truck Driver Hearing Exclusive Learning Centre’s Duty of Care External Parents Children Parent’s Guests 1. Risk Register The Risk Register records details of all the risks identified at the beginning and during the event. Their grading in terms of likelihood of occurring and seriousness of impact. Initial plans for mitigating each high level risk. The costs and responsibilities of the prescribed strategies and subsequent results. 2. 1 Identify the Risks in order of Importance (low to high) a. Risk of not enough BBQ equipment and food b. Risk of inappropriate behaviour by attendees . Risk of liability claims for non-disclosure of OHS to all stakeholders d. Risk of allergies/medical conditions e. Risk of getting burnt by hot exhaust pipe or BBQ food f. Risk of stressful noise g. Risk of getting food poisoning h. Risk of harm from the use of party supplies i. Risk of harm from rubbish j. Risk of injury from fights k. Risk of not enough staff to monitor at the event l. Risk of falling from activity or off the high truck cabin m. Risk of being run over by vehicle(s) n. Risk of child going missing 2. 2 Analyse the Risks Risk Table Likelihood |Consequences | | |Negligible Injury |First Aid Injury |Minor In jury |Major Injury |Fatality | |Very Likely |H |H |E |E |E | |Likely |M |H |H |E |E | |Possible |L |M |H |E |E | |Unlikely |L |L |M |H |E | |Highly Unlikely |L |L |M |H |H | Risk Assessment Outcome |E Extreme Risk |Immediate action required; notify supervisor and the HSR. If possible, the activity should | | |be ceased immediately |H High Risk |Notify supervisor and HSR and implement immediate action to minimize injury | |M Moderate Risk |Implement immediate action to minimize injury e. g. signage. Remedial action required within| | |five working days. | |L Low Risk |Remedial action within one month (if possible), supervisor attention required | 2. 3 The Likelihood, Consequences and Assessment Outcome of Risks for all Stakeholders: |a. Risk of not enough BBQ equipment and food |Consequences: | | |Low Risk with Negligible injury and Unlikely to occur. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Parents and Staff advised to bring a plate of food or drinks | | |to share if they can. | | |Cost $0 | |b. Risk of inappropriate behaviour by attendees |Consequences: | | |Low Risk with Negligible injury and Unlikely to occur. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Hire security and supervisor to warn and relocate people. | | |Cost $500 for security | |c. Risk of liability claims for non-disclosure of OHS to all |Consequences: | |stakeholders |High Risk with Negligible injury and Very likely to occur. | | | | |Outcome: | | |obtain consent forms including for photography | | |Parents and Staff advised to always control and take care of | | |children. Keep events within the fenced playground. Purchase | | |insurance to cover all risks identified. Provide regular | | |safety announcements. | | |Cost $3500 for insurance cover | |d. Risk of allergies/medical conditions |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Minor injury is Possible. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Obtain signed parental consent forms for each child and list | | |of medical conditions for attendees. Request those with | | |speci al diets bring their own meals or forward request to | | |caterer. Provide name tags with coloured dot for those with | | |conditions. Cost $10 for name tags | |e. Risk of getting burnt by hot exhaust pipe or BBQ food |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Minor injury is Possible. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Ask driver to turn off truck and make use of natural air | | |circulation. Have a place to meet Santa inside the | | |playground. Ensure everyone uses the correct utensils. | | |Cost $60 for utensils | |f.Risk of stressful noise |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Major injury is Likely. | | | | | |Outcome: | | |Hire security and supervisor to warn and relocate everyone. | |g. Risk of getting food poisoning |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Major injury is Likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Have the centre’s nurse waiting to administer first aid and | | |notify paramedics to standby. Hire professional caterer to | | |provide and cook foods. Cost $1000-$2000 for cate rer and | | |paramedics | |h. Risk of harm from the use of party supplies |Consequences: | | High Risk of Major injury is Likely. | | | | | |Outcome: | | |Hire professionals to make balloons, face paint, hand out | | |party gifts, provide event planned | | |activities/banners/hosting/audio visual equipment/bands. | |Cost: $2000-$5000 for event planner and band | |i. Risk of harm from rubbish |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Major injury is Likely. | | | | | |Outcome: | | |Hire trash management team using volunteers. Cost $100 | |j.Risk of injury from fights |Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Major injury is Very likely. | | | | | |Outcome: | | |Use centre nurse, insurance cover and security. | |k. Risk of not enough staff to monitor incidents at the event|Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Major injury is Very likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Parents and Staff advised to always control and take care of | | |children. Keep events within the fenced playgroun d. Provide | | |regular safety announcements. | | |Cost $35 for voice Amplifier | |l. Risk of falling from activity or off the high truck cabin |Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Major injury is Very likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |use centre's nurse for first aid and insurance cover by | | |filling in accident book when required. Only people with | | |appropriate footwear, clothing, sunscreen and head cover are | | |allowed entry by staff and volunteers. Place a secure ramp. | | |Cost $80 for wheelchair ramp | |m. Risk of being run over by vehicle(s) |Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Fatality is Very likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Drivers and pedestrians advised via sign posts and verbal | | |direction to go slow, avoid children and park far away from | | |fenced playground. | | |Cost $10 to apply & print signs | |n. Risk of child going missing |Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Fatality is Very likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Have timed sign in/out for ms for children being dropped off | | |and picked up as well as head counts before and after group | | |movement/activity. Cost $10 for forms | 2. 4 Evaluate the Risks The funds required to manage risks for the event is in the order of $11,305. The Board of Management will be required to approve those funds as soon as possible. Of highest risk is liability claims so safety announcements must be made regularly in all communications before and during the event. Therefore allowing for feedback and suggestions to be obtained on the protocols.Insurance cover must be purchased for the event. Other risks can be mitigated by hiring security, event professionals, nurse, having paramedics on standby, providing equipment and signs, having volunteers and parents bring food as well as keeping constant watch on the children. 2. Risk Treatments (Avoid; Reduce likelihood; Reduce consequences; transferring the risk; Retaining the risk) 2 weeks prior to BBQ, have staff meeting and allocate a superv isor to relocate the party repeatedly when necessary to quieten the stressful noises and/or situations. Allocate staff duties for obtaining supplies, contacts and communications with sponsors and parents in particular.Ensure staff is familiarised with OHS procedures for the event so they can provide safety announcements to everyone. As well as manage people before, during and after the event. Allocate staff to survey for feedback and suggestions; as well as approach the Board, parents, staff and sponsors for volunteers and funds. Check and approve the RSVP list, include any roles & responsibilities. 1 week prior,call & request that parents who RSVP for the BBQ volunteer their time and resources for the event. As well as bring a plate of food or drinks to share if they can. Make parents into paid staff if necessary via signed contracts. 4 days prior, hire security from network of staff or parents to be on alert, warn and/or request disruptors to leave the event. days prior, provide r amp to sponsor’s truck driver to use at event and ensure both driver and Santa is familiarised with OHS procedures. Ensure external staff is qualified and licenced to work with children. On day of event, ensure that staff knows the protocols for the truck driver, Santa, parents and children to keep everyone in line. Signs are posted and safety announcements made at regular intervals. Start hosting the event and allocate amplifier and communication equipment to staff. 3. 1 Recommended Response and Impact By developing a timed action plan in order to reduce, minimise, and isolate the exposure to risks. Ensuring all adults agreed to always control and take responsibility of the children ahead of the event.Ensuring the Sponsor driver and Santa is police checked and licensed to work with children. Check carefully over every thing via lists and contacts before the start of the event. By determining the importance of each risk. Analyse the frequency of exposure to the associated ris ks. By developing an evacuation and crowd control plan with staff. By communicating all procedures with staff. 4. Implementation Implementation follows all of the plans for mitigating the risks. Purchase insurance policies for the risks that have been decided to be transferred to an insurer. Avoiding all risks that can be avoided without sacrificing the organisation's goals. 4. 1 Proposed ActionsSet up meeting with the board of management to approve funding. Meeting with staff, management and volunteers for briefing of roles and responsibilities. Hire extra resources and/or professionals. Send out invitations. Obtain list of RSVP stakeholders and approve. Contact stakeholders for additional support. Purchase insurance coverage for the event. Ensure everything goes as planned via lists and contacts. Ensure banners, signs are placed and professionals are ready to cover the event. Provide staff and volunteers with survey forms and equipment. Organise parent teacher meeting for after ev ent reporting and feedback. Obtain final report from supervisor.Include recommendations into the following event planning and timing. 4. 2 Proposed Communication Email staff, parents and management via memos and newsletters. Call everyone to follow up on their roles, responsibilities and ensure attendances. Make calls to hire, appointments to approve and sign contracts with professionals; including purchasing insurance coverage for the event. Call or radio personnel at event to maintain an alerted net of safety. Email, call and or post thank you letters and invite to post event feedback. Email, call supervisor for reporting and or meeting. Email management the final planning proposal for the next event. 4. 3 Responsibilities (Internal and External)Management- ensure all funding is provided, lists and plans are in place. Including insurance, hiring, contracts, appointments, equipment and venues are appropriate. Communicate via memos, newsletters and calls to action. Staff- supervisor to take charge of everyone on day of event and all survey reporting. Volunteers- assist staff and parents with their responsibilities. Hired Professionals- provide equipment and services before and during event. Sponsor Driver- use safety equipment and performs role responsibly as instructed by staff. Santa- ensure kids and parents are all happy with his role. Parents- take responsibility of the children and offer any support required on day of event. 4. 4 Timing Before event:Send out invitations 1 months prior. Have RSVP list of names, roles and responsibilities ready for staff meeting 2 weeks prior. Hire all external staff 2 weeks prior to event on signed contracts; including volunteers. Ensure they are qualified and licenced to work with children. Ensure insurance is purchased to cover all equipments, planned events and catering are all in place and ready to go 1 week prior. Ensure everything goes according to plan via lists and contacts within the week leading into the event. D uring event: Place signs and handout flyers of the event timetable. Ensure everyone is allocated their places and equipment, roles and responsibilities.Ensure staff makes regular safety checks and announcements according to plan. Fills out attendance sign in/out forms and accident book when required. That only people with appropriate footwear, clothing, sunscreen and head cover are allowed entry. Ensure all hired professionals perform in a satisfactory manner. Ensure hosting and activities are on time and obtain feedback of satisfaction levels. After event: Hold parent teacher meeting within 1week. The supervisor was to analyse results of surveys and monitoring of effective and ineffective procedures from the event. During the meeting, supervisor reports on effective, ineffective protocols and their impact on enjoyment.All stakeholders can also provide additional inputs; which will be noted by the supervisor. Helpful suggestions can be implemented as additional notes to the report. Include the report in the Risk Register file. 4. 5 Resource requirements (funds, people, equipment, etc. ) In addition to staff, volunteers, parents and children, sponsor driver and Santa, equipments, planning and catering for the event. Internet, mobile phones and/or walkie talkies, office equipment and supplies are required to contact, communicate and disperse people & equipments for the event. The centre's resources are already equipped to provide these points of call. 5. Reporting and MonitoringAll stakeholders are invited to provide feedback and suggestions before, during and after the event to make the party an enjoyable experience for everyone involved. The supervisor is to gather, analyse and report on survey results from staff. The report can be communicated to all stakeholders in a parent teacher meeting 1 week after the event. Of importance is highlighting all effective and ineffective protocols, with emphasis on safety. The effect that stakeholders felt the safety protoc ols had on their enjoyment is also required. The final report would be included into the Risk Register. Implement the effective procedures into next year’s christmas party plan and timing sheets. With emphasis on avoiding or minimising the ineffective.

The Morality of Blood Donation in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Morality of Blood Donation in the UK - Essay Example of this book, Rawls’ provided new dimensions to the debate over morality factor associated with blood donation by men who have already experienced or experiencing sexual relationship with other males. This book has become the starting point for most of the contemporary discussion of justice and so would seem a logical place to begin my discussion of why preventing men who have safe sex with men from giving blood is unjust. The main reason to stop men, having experienced sexual relationship with other men, is to put a restrain over sexually transmitted diseases but the reason, however, is not clear why those people are also stopped from donating blood who, undertaken precaution measures before being involved into sexual relationship. As we delve deep into this issue, it becomes gradually clear that social discriminative approach against the gays is the main reason for such acts of prevention. These aspects are not very uncommon even in the modern society and definitely put a gr eat challenge before the issues of morality. The right to donate blood is applied for all, irrespective of colour, sex, creed and sexual orientation, as it is essentially related with the great issue of morality, that is, to save a life. Restriction over blood donation by the gays is definitely a great hindrance in the path of fulfilment of such moral aspects. Thus, this is the high time that we consider the issue with sincerity and try to judge how far the restriction over blood donation issue is relevant in the modern context. Blood and blood products are vital in modern health care and are used in a myriad of situations from surgery to trauma to chronic disease management. Every day it is important for many people’s lives that blood continues to be donated. 7,000 donations are needed in the UK every day to maintain healthy bloodstocks (NHS Blood and Transplant 2008) â€Å"[I]n a survey reported in 1991, current and lapsed donors were asked why they gave blood. Their answers fell broadly

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Ethical Decision Making in Criminal Justice Assignment

Ethical Decision Making in Criminal Justice - Assignment Example This clearly illustrates how far ethics encroach into personal desires. To start with, it is unethical to lie in the questionnaire. However, in the event that the prospective police officer lies and does not get discovered, there still will be implications on the officer’s operations. One of the ways in which this event would affect the police officer’s operation is through the initiation of a chain of events geared at covering up the past. The police officer will always be afraid that one day the truth may be discovered leading to a tougher consequence; maybe get dismissed and a jail term on top of it all. This greatly impedes on the police officer’s execution of duties due to the fear of getting discovered as well as a guilty conscience(Prenzler, 2009).   Telling the truth would have been the ethical thing to do for the police officer. This would have been the first step towards acceptance of past mistakes and indicating the will to forge ahead with no burden at all. Telling the truth serves as an indicator of how committed he is to upholding ethics in the new workplace. By telling the truth, the police officer will be free of any guilt and will also earn more credibility from the officers to whom he is required to report. This implies that the officer has more to gain than lose by telling the truth, which would in turn may be used as a basis to clear his name from the past mess. The decision must be based on personal discretion and possible results of the due process (Pollock, 2012). It would make no sense to reveal details of one’s involvement in a past mischief and leave the details of those that were party to it. It is obvious that there are agencies that will follow up the revealed details to confirm their validity and truthfulness. This means that the friend’s involvement will be discovered. In the event that, the friend’s details were left out, it would appear

Is war principally the outcome of state sovereignty (International Essay

Is war principally the outcome of state sovereignty (International Relations) - Essay Example The motives as to why states and individuals may get into war has remained a subject of moral scrutiny For hundred of years state sovereignty has, been a significant rule of interstate relationships and a basis of the world order, The concept of State sovereignty lies at the core of both the traditional international rule and also the United Nations (UN) Charter. It has remained both a critical element of the preservation of global peace and security and more so a protection of weak nations against strong ones. In addition, the conception has never been as sacred, both in practice or law, as an official legal description may imply. According to past UN Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, "The time of absolute sovereignty has passed; its theory was never matched by reality." (Angelo, 2006) Practically, sovereignty of states' has regularly been dishonoured by powerful nations. In the present's globalized world, it is commonly accepted that cultural, economic and environmental influences do not respect boundaries nor does it require an access visa. The conception of state sovereignty is extensively ingrained in legal and also political dissertation. Similarly, territorial bounders are becoming under pressure and have weakened in importance as an outcome of modern international relationships. both communications and technology has made boundaries permeable, while the political elements of internal turmoil and misery have also frequently resulted in larger international turmoil. (Angelo, 2006) Meaning and reason of sovereignty State sovereignty stand for the capability, independent or self-government, and lawful equality of nations. The conception is usually used to include all issues in which all state is permitted through international law in deciding and acting without interferences from any other sovereign nations or states. These issues comprise the selection of political, social, cultural and economic systems and the crafting of foreign policy. The range of the autonomy of option of a state in these issues is limited; it depends upon advancements in the international law (which includes agreements formed voluntarily) and the international relations. (Angelo, 2006) As a characteristic of statehood territorial sovereignty, lies behind the structure of international arrangement in relationships amongst states. An action of hostility is illegal, not only as it challenges international world order, but also since states have applied their sovereignty to forbid war. More so, the breakdown or deteriorating of state ability which brings around a political void inside states results to human sufferings and regional and international insecurity. Aggressive, oppressive, or disintegrated states might lead in threats to regional and international security and peace. (Angelo, 2006) Theories of war: Balance of Power Theory The balance of power theory forecasts that swift alterations in the international supremacy and status, particularly efforts by one nation to conquer a region, will inflame counterbalancing acts. Because of this, the balancing process assists to preserve the stability of relationship among states. It has been observed that, a balance of power structure works most successfully when coalitions are

Building construction for the fire service Research Paper

Building construction for the fire service - Research Paper Example Some of the concerns raised by the people directly charged with the management of the fires included the charge that priorities of costs over safety and suitability increased the level of vulnerability of risk. Such approaches also lowered the level of efficiencies in interventions in cases of fire accidents. Building code language remains a key challenge that affects the development of the most appropriate strategies of combating fires and other kinds of strategies designed to counter the challenges of safety (Karter, 2001). This problem arises out of the challenge that many of the professionals involved in the strategies lack a common platform on which they can articulate their levels of expertise in reference to particular technical aspects of building code language. Recent developments in the industry have seen bold attempts across the various relevant departments to build the most appropriate strategies for harmonizing the operations within the system. The design and structure of buildings remains a significant contributing factor to the level of challenges encountered by fire fighters. For instance, construction analysts blame the weaknesses in the support beams in the Twin Towers as one of the factors that contributed to the extensive scale of damage that was witnessed after the terrorist attack. Besides the inclusion of special features for limiting the spread of fires, there have been suggestions to include special bridges between skyscrapers in order to provide increased room for evacuation in the event of the outbreak of fires. Suggestions continue to emerge including the suitable size of buildings with some analysts arguing the case for the reduction and the strengthening of beams in order to absorb the shock of accidents, impacts, or explosions. The course of development of the building code and standards has featured

The purpose of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The purpose of Education - Essay Example The current culture is fighting for the fulfilment of the educational standards. One should also admit that the author is rather dissatisfied with the one-sided view on the notion of liberal education. These usually deal with the concrete embodiment of abstract values including such important ones as "freedom" and "growth". The notion of cultural literacy is rather complicated. Also, the education is formally connected with the notion of human freedom (Lauro 147). The requirements show the tendency to vary from institution to institution. The complex curricular tables and credit formulas exist in combination with each other. The itemization that is traditionally used by education institutions does not adequately defines the meaning of liberal education. Education that is perceived as a process of educating future individuals that will be developing their talents. The basis for these talents development will be the idea of freedom and personal growth (The Art of Instruction 25). Education is described as the process that is more focused on the life of the mind and citizens as critical thinker. "Social capital in the collegiums, is build from ab investment of rime and commitment by individuals" (Downey 102). Civic engagement often involves experience-based understandings. All these things are fostered through activities. One of these activities is the community service (Education and the Democratic Island 17). The authors pay much attention to the development of the connection that should be present between liberal education and civic engagement. Education should be perceived as the finished product of person's cultural development. The specific thing achieved by this author is the picturing the connection that exists between culture and liberal education. Education is multidimensional notion. In practice it means that there are different ways of understanding education. That is the main reason of the numerous approaches that are used while defining the noti on of liberal education. The main point of contrast is the different perception of the notion education (Lauro 147). This thing is related to students' ability to facilitate their personal or deep engagement with their subject-matter. Engaging students in mathematical problem solving process is rather complicated issue (Education and the Democratic Island 17). The issue is projected to stimulate intellectual activity of the group as well as to build a deep mathematical understandings. When combined together, these issues are very important for a further development of the education. No less important issue is associated with encouraging in students to acquire a number of new personal characteristics. When combined together, these characteristics will contribute to speed the mathematics research in the future. Critics admit that "A school cannot be expected to instill distant behaviors in those whose moral education has been disregarded" (Education and the Democratic Island 16). The core of the whole process lies in recognising the education as an appropriate tool for a further research. The knowledge is appropriate for acquiring and interpreting the mathematical results. A number of the capabilities are helpful in developing 'ideas workers'. Developing this ability is important for cutting edge work.

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Summary of Equity Securities - Essay Example Equity security investments that do not form the part of the trading securities are referred as available-for-sale (AFS) securities. This are reported at the fair value with gains and losses that are unrealized and are excluded from the earnings of the company. The investments made in the equity securities are recorded at the cost that takes into account securities transaction taxes, brokerage fees and other costs that are related to the procurement of securities (Subramani 12). The investors invest in the company shares hoping to receive higher return on their cash outflows. The demand of the investors in the financial markets has invariably changed with the passage of time. The companies motivate these investors by providing higher future expected returns on the assets (equities). The equity securities and its features differ in case of different types of companies. The types of companies and the features of stocks are explained henceforth (Fabozzi 6-7). Defensive companies have th e ability to withstand the economic downturn and the future earnings are not affected. Hence, the business and financial risk is low in this case. Examples of such defensive companies are grocery chains or public utilities, which aims at providing its customers with necessity products. The rate of return of defensive stocks does not decline when there is an overall market decline. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the relevant risk of an asset has covariance with the market portfolio of risky assets. Hence, stocks with negative or low systematic risk (beta value) are considered as defensive stocks according to the theory of CAPM; the stock returns are not affected by the significant changes in a bear market (Scott 102). The earnings and sales of cyclical companies are significantly influenced by business activities. Examples of these

Commandment Relation to Christ-like Love Essay Example for Free

Commandment Relation to Christ-like Love Essay The commandment I choose which displays three types of Christ-like love is the 8th commandment, Thou shall not steal. The first type of Christ-like love that the commandment Thou shall not steal displays is desiring what is the best for others. Stealing is something that is very wrong. For example, if someone is angry at someone, they might express their anger by stealing their belongings. This is not right. Someone can just approach the person they are angry at, and tell them how they feel about the situation. This is much better for others instead of stealing. The second type of Christ-like love that the commandment Thou shall not steal displays is that it is an emotion and decision. Stealing is a decision that is made when people go through various types of emotions. Some emotions include anger, frustration, mad, stressed, etc. When someone feels like this, they might feel like stealing someones belongings . By making the decision not to steal, it will make someone feel a different type of emotion. They will feel proud because they know that they are doing the right decision instead of doing something bad. Nevertheless, this is why the commandment Thou shall not steal is an emotion and decision. The third type of Christ-like love that the commandment Thou shall not steal displays is walking away from harm. Depending on what is stolen, it can be considered a crime. Nevertheless, anytime of stealing is wrong, no matter how valuable the item is. For example, if someone stole a top from The Gap store, it is considered a crime. In addition to this wrong crime, if someone steals a pencil from a teachers desk it is just as wrong. Even though the pencil isnt as valuable as a top, any type of stealing causes harm. When walking away from this, it saves harm for both the stealer and the victim. Both people will not be involved in any type of stealing situation when showing the Christ-like love of walking away from harm.

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) of water sample analysis Essay Example for Free

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) of water sample analysis Essay Qualitative data: Collected sample was very murky The first end point colour was of a yellow colour, perhaps not light enough Addition of starch indicator produced a grey-black solution; perhaps did not add enough indicator, however this did not pose as a problem There was one occasion where I suspected to have added too much sodium thiosulphate, however the second trial indicated that I did not go past the end point too much Calculations To calculate the dissolved oxygen content (mg/dm ³ or ppm), we must first determine the number of mols of thiosulphate from the mean titrated volume of both samples. In this case, we will use sample A. The Winkler method indicates that the relationship between the amount of oxygen and thiosulphate is a four to one ratio. Therefore, we will divide the number of mols of thiosulphate by four to get the number of mols of oxygen. Then we convert this to milligrams per dm ³ first by multiplying by 20 to arrive with the number of mols present in 1dm ³ (because the pond water sample used was 50cm ³). Then we multiply that number by 32 (molecular mass of oxygen) to attain the number of grams of oxygen. Then finally, the number is multiplied by 1000 to be converted into milligrams. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) would therefore be the difference between the DO of sample A and sample B.

What Problems Are Facing Alexandra Near Johannesburg Environmental Sciences Essay

What Problems Are Facing Alexandra Near Johannesburg Environmental Sciences Essay The name Alexandra was the name of a farmers wife who in 1905 transformed his dairy farm into a township and named it after his wife. Over the last century Alexandra has been refuge to many poor immigrants looking for better standards of living, waging their lives in the city of Johannesburg, also known as the place of gold. According to Alexandra Renewal Project(2006), Alexandra has grown to a population of approximately 350 000 people, squeezed into an area of about 800 hectare and still showing no sign of decrease. This pattern of urban migration is painted across the history of Alexandra and was influenced by many political events, one of which is the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, when extensive labour was needed for widespread expanding of the industrial and commercial sectors, empowering the force of urban migration. Alexandra even endured through the struggles of apartheid to become home to a diverse population of urban poor settlers. Alexandra Renewal Project(2006 ) states that Alexandra had until recent developments, a huge amount of informal dwellings where estimates ranged from 34 000 upwards. Consequently the township of Alexandra has a proud but tragic history, which ushered it into the new century in desperate need of regeneration. This paper exemplifies the slum characteristics of Alexandra, a rural area located on the ridge of Santon a rich suburb. Alexandra also is in close proximity to the major economic hub of Gauteng, the city of Johannesburg. This article focuses on the analysis of the situation currently found in Alexandra, which was undertaken through a in depth field study. In addition, this paper addresses the social and economic benefits that the work of civil engineers can present to Alexandra to elevate it from slum status. This will be done by defining the concept of a slum and moreover examining the situation in Alexandra.(Alexandra renewal project,2006 ; Morris,2000 ; Bonner Nieftagodien,2008). The term slum identifies with a range of low income settlements and poor standards of living. Furthermore, according to UN-HABIT (2007) a slum could be defined as a heavily populated urban area characterised by low standard housing and squalor. This apparent ill nature of slums leave many asking why do slums exist? According to UN-HABIT (2007) slums exist because of a number of forces. Some of these consist of rapid rural-to-urban migration, increasing urban poverty, inequality and globalisation. Applying these concepts to S.A its easy to see why Alexandra fell into the abyss that is slum status. With the advent of a new democratic government in 1994, people in search of newly promised jobs have flocked into the major hubs of S.A., which dramatically increased the rate of unskilled labour migrating to major cities, thus demonstrating rapid rural to urban migration. Furthermore UN-HABIT (2007) explains that the boom and busts of the economy such as that of S.A. churn up inequality and distribute new wealth unevenly , which consequently contribute to the enormous growth of slums such as Alexandra. (Bonner Nieftagodien,2008 ; UN-HABIT,2007) The United Nations Human Settlements Programme(2006) specifies a slum to be an area or suburb to be deprived of access to safe water; unsecure residential status, inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure; poor structural quality of housing and overcrowding. That is, if anyone of these defining characteristics are found in an area, that area is to be classified as a slum. Alexandra status in relation to these characteristics will be discussed below. Water and sanitation are key factors in the elevation of Alexandra from slum status. The ever increasing population growth within Alexandra, has overloaded the infrastructure to a point where water pressures are too low and sewers frequently over flow. In the areas with the highest density of informal settlements within Alexandra, water is collected by navigating dangerous paths between closely spaced shacks and collecting it from overloaded taps. These water taps do not have adequate drainage, consequently water is left to flow between shacks. Moreover, pools of stagnant water form. According to United Nations Environment Programme(2000) these stagnant water pools are ideal breeding habitats for disease vectors such as mosquitoes. Because of this apparent lack of drainage systems below the informal settlements of Alexandra, people tend to disperse of waste water into these waterways that flow between the shacks, causing ill smelling odours to settle and give way for water borne dise ases such as dysentery, cholera, typhoid and parasitic worms to thrive.( United Nations Environment Programme,2000 ) Sanitation services play important role in healthy environment especially in areas like Alexandra which are defined as slums. According to Barnes et al,(1999,p13) census data, 81% of the households in Alexandra have access to aflush or chemical toilet, 1% of households use pit latrines and approximately 15% use the ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½bucket latrineÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ system. The informal homes of Alexandra are not connected to the formal waterborne sewerage system, thus chemical portable toilets service residents. These portable toilets are usually located next to streets on the outskirts of the informal settlements or shacks. These toilets are located in this way because there are no access roads nor space between the informal housing for municipal services to collect sewerage waste from these toilets. As a result residents have to navigate dangerous pathways to get to these sanitation services. Mirriam a person who currently lives (guide) explains that as these passages become dangerous to navigate at night, thus people tend to desiccate into bags and discard them into these narrow passageways, which attributes to countless diseases and the appalling stench in the area. The lack of access also inhibits waste collection services to collect waste between the shacks, resulting in poor waste removal services in the area. Because of this, the overall area is contaminated by waste lying around, furthermore the lack of waste collection attracts disease infested vermin and animals, worsening health conditions within the slum The congestion and overcrowding in Alexandra act as a catalysts to all problems found in the area. Overloading in informal settlements, hostels and along the banks of the Jukskei river make living conditions stressful, unhealthy and dangerous. The unplanned nature and the overpopulated ground usage, has forced some settlers to build informal housing below the flood line of the Jukskei River and in some instances on unsafe slopes. According to United Nations Environment Programme(2000) during January 2000, unusually heavy rains precipitated and 120 informal households were washed away. In addition to over usage, structures have been built over previously installed sewer lines and manholes that make access for maintenance a tedious endeavour. Moreover, the overall high density of the informal settlements cause amplify the spreading of disorder like fires and diseases. Recent news reports that a devastating fire on 2 May 2011, killed three people and left 5000 people destitute living in Masiphumelele township, civil organisation in the informal settlement accuse the high density of settlement and lack of access roads to be responsible for the sheer scale of devastation within the township. (Alexandra renewal project,2006 ; Special Interest Group in Urban Settlement,2001 ; Eye Witness News,2011) The Childrens charter of S.A. , according to New Africa Education(2004) states that all children have a right to a safe environment and the right to recreational facilities so that children can be children. Alexandra is home to thousands of families, the Alexandra Renewal project (2006b) observes that over 120 000 children ranging from ages 2-18 years live in Alexandra. The slum conditions in Alexandra hinder children to develop into skilled professionals. That is, the over utilisation of the space available causes children to have nowhere to play and consequently compel them turn to dangerous streets to occupy themselves. For some of the children who live on the opposing side of the Jukskei river, going to school comprises of having to wade through the Jukskei r river as bridges crossing the river are too far away. Some of the valiant students cross the river by walking across a pipeline that spans the river, this perceptibly is a dangerous feat and place children in unnecessary dan ger. Alexandra has access to electricity, but many illegal connections exist, these electrical connections pose another threat to children as substations are insecure and present a considerable danger to children with easy access available. These connections also give way to many fire hazardous in Alexandra. All aspects mentioned clearly classify Alexandra as a slum in accordance to the defining characteristics specified earlier. It was seen that Alex illustrates lack of access to water and sanitation, consists of non durable housing built on dangerous areas where insecure tenure is definite and that overpopulation gives way to insufficient living areas and dangers to children. Furthermore this in depth look at the situation in Alexandra emphasizes the dire need of a new age of renewal, hope and upliftment in this area. When reviewing the purpose of this paper it dictates that some form of solution to the uplift Alexandra from slum status imposed by the civil engineering will be addressed. Consequently these aspects will be argued below. Investments in civil engineering projects can substantially increase living standards within Alexandra. The Alexandra Renewal Project(ARP) is one of eight projects that form part of S.A. Integrated Sustainable Rural Development and Urban Renewal Programme, enforced by President Mbeki in 2001. This programme is an approach to address urbanisation and housing challenges in S.A. According to Alexandra Renewal project (2001) the budget in 2001 for the ARP was estimated to be R1.7 billion over seven years. The Alexandra Renewal Project includes extensive use of civil engineering skills to promote the Alexandra from slum status. Special Interest Group in Urban Settlement (2001) points out that improvements in sanitation and water services can be identified as imperative to the elevation of Alexandra. This could be achieved by firstly overcoming the general overloading of the sewerage system. By investigation it was found that civil engineers can construct new interceptor sewers which will connect to a new outgoing sewer carrying sewerage off to the bulk sewerage system. According to Special Interest Group in Urban Settlement (2001) if such a system would be in place, it could provide adequate services to slum dwellers. The location and alignment of these new sewers is vital because for such a system to run adequately, there has to be access to manholes and pipes to provide maintenance services. Consequently this would mean improving the alignment of informal houses. Moreover, the construction of ablution blocks on the side of streets, instead of the portable chemical toilets, would therefore mean the elimina tion of poor level of service and high maintenance costs of chemical portable toilets. The ARP included the upgrading of the outfall sewers in Alexandra between 2001 and 2004. The rehabilitation of water systems is closely linked to the treatment of the sewerage system, as it would be easier to install improved water lines in junction with sewerage. The civil engineers attended to the low water pressures by upgrading water mains and by the construction of a new water reservoir, this formed part of the ARP. (Special Interest Group in Urban Settlement,2001 ; Alexandra Renewal project,2010 ) The improvement of building infrastructure can transform Alexandra into a thriving urban area. Civil engineers can contribute by installing building infrastructure in a planned way, this includes the realignment of properties into small narrow stands. Which therefore results in the decrease in high densities of land usage and improves accessibility into Alexandra. Improved accessibility promotes better living conditions, as waste services are able to move between housing. Building infrastructure in the ARP included the construction of many buildings which act to improve social and economic status of the people living in Alexandra. These buildings includes construction and improvement of police stations, people centres, 1400 housing units, 350 social housing units, Alexandra transit village and Marlboro transit village upgrade. These building improvements give owners a secure tenure which in turn spur them to maintain and invest in these building. The installation of this infrastructu re give place to economic behaviour to form and to forester a spirit of entrepreneurship within Alexandra, as small business and educational services arise. The ARP included centres which is called clusters where slum dwellers are able to attain marketable skills such as care worker skills, tourism skills and construction skills.( Alexandra Renewal project,2010 ) Social end economical benefits do not only come in the form of new buildings but also includes the improvement of road and overall infrastructure. This includes the construction of recreational parks and sport fields, upgrading of roads, widening of London bridge, construction of a pedestrian bridge across the Jukskei river and the improvement of storm water drainage. These improvements influence the social and economic aspects of Alexandra. The improvement of roads give Alexandra access to business markets outside of Alexandra, the pedestrian bridge relieve children from the dangers of crossing the Jukskei river and parks and sports fields remove people from a sense of squalor.( Alexandra Renewal project,2010 ) To conclude, this essay depicts the situation found in Alexandra, an area defined as a slum. It was found that slums mainly exist due to rapid rural to urban migration, high levels of inequality and globalization. Moreover, slums where defined by the lack of the access to water, sanitation, durable housing, secure tenure and sufficient living areas. It was then illustrated that Alexandra can be characterised as a slum, because of its poor quality of water and sanitation services. Furthermore congestion proved to act as a catalyst to other problems such as unsafe tenure and spreading of diseases . Also, dangerous aspects such as illegal electrical connections and inadequate lack of infrastructure was illustrated.

Gender Stereotype Essay -- essays papers

Gender Stereotype According to the writers in chapter, â€Å"Gender Stereotyping And the Media†, gender stereotypes are harmful to men and women. Gender stereotypes set impossible standards for men and women that lead to unhappiness, loneliness and possibly violence towards themselves. Stereotypes affect relationships between a man and a woman. Moreover, stereotypes dictate the behavior of boys and girls that lead to violence. Rather than combating gender stereotypes, our society reinforces stereotypes by passing them to the next generation and giving labels and names to the people who do not conform to the stereotypes. Hence, the dichotomy is that our society buys into the stereotypes that reinforce abuse, while tying to remove violence from our society. Traditional female stereotypes rigidly emphasize the belief that women must perform the specific role that are assigned to them. From a traditional perspective, â€Å"femininity is characterized by passivity and sumission.† (Devor P.169) Feminine characteristics of passivity and submission allow women to best fulfill t...

Stephen King :: biographies bio biography

Stephen Edwin King was born in Portland, Maine in 1947, the second son of Donald and Nellie Ruth Pillsbury King. After his parents separated when Stephen was a toddler, he and his older brother, David, were raised by his mother. Parts of his childhood were spent in Fort Wayne, Indiana, where his father's family was at the time, and in Stratford, Connecticut. When Stephen was eleven, his mother brought her children back to Durham, Maine, for good. Her parents, Guy and Nellie Pillsbury, had become incapacitated with old age, and Ruth King was persuaded by her sisters to take over the physical care of the elderly couple. Other family members provided a small house in Durham and financial support. After Stephen's grandparents passed away, Mrs. King found work in the kitchens of Pineland, a nearby residential facility for the mentally challenged. Stephen attended the grammar school in Durham and then Lisbon Falls High School, graduating in 1966. From his sophomore year at the University of Maine at Orono, he wrote a weekly column for the school newspaper, THE MAINE CAMPUS. He was also active in student politics, serving as a member of the Student Senate. He came to support the anti-war movement on the Orono campus, arriving at his stance from a conservative view that the war in Vietnam was unconstitutional. He graduated from the University of Maine at Orono in 1970, with a B.A. in English and qualified to teach on the high school level. A draft board examination immediately post-graduation found him 4-F on grounds of high blood pressure, limited vision, flat feet, and punctured eardrums. He and Tabitha Spruce married in January of 1971. He met Tabitha in the stacks of the Fogler Library at the University of Maine at Orono, where they both worked as students. As Stephen was unable to find placement as a teacher immediately, the Kings lived on his earnings as a laborer at an industrial laundry, and her student loan and savings, with an occasional boost from a short story sale to men's magazines. Stephen made his first professional short story sale ("The Glass Floor") to Startling Mystery Stories in 1967. Throughout the early years of his marriage, he continued to sell stories to men's magazines. Many of these were later gathered into the Night Shift collection or appeared in other anthologies. In the fall of 1971, Stephen began teaching high school English classes at Hampden Academy, the public high school in Hampden, Maine.

The American Civil War was Unavoidable Essay -- American History Civil

The American Civil War was unavoidable. Because of regional and political disputes the country would have continued to boil even if the extremists on both sides were kept under control. No matter what was done politically a conflict was necessary to eradicate slavery from this continent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anger in the South was becoming a growing trend. The Southerners were angered by the fact that, in their view, the North was trying to dissolve their way of life. Congressman Robert Toombs of Georgia says, â€Å"if by your legislation you [northerners] seek to drive us from the territories...I am for disunion†. This Congressman from the South is so intent on making slaves legal in the territories that he is willing to break with the North over it. He also says that California and New Mexico were â€Å"purchased by the common blood of the people†(A). This was the view of John C. Calhoun that people from every state fought to gain these territories so everyone should have equal access to them. It was not only the people of the South that were taking on these feelings of hatred toward the North, but the government also. The South Carolina government said â€Å"this government...[has] been defeated and the Government itself has been destructive of them [principles] by the actions of the nonslaveholding states†. If your government, which includes some of the most educated people from your region, believes wholeheartedly that the North are acting against those in the South wouldn’t that make you a litt...

The Role of Input and Interaction in Sla

The role of input and interaction in SLA Terminology input –any language directed at the learner intake –the portion of input that learners notice and therefore take into temporary memory. Intake may subsequently be accommodated in the learner’s interlanguage system (become part of long-term memory). However, not all intake is so accommodated. output –what the learner produces (spoken & written language) and how much he understands from the input input > intake > output views on the role of input: ? behaviourist There is a direct relationship between input and output. Acquisition is believed to be controlled by external factors, and the learner is viewed as a passive medium. They ignore the internal processing that takes place in learner’s mind. Input consists of: ? stimuli – with stimuli, the person speaking to the learner  models specific linguistic forms  which the learner internalizes by  imitating  them   ? feedback – it takes the form of positive reinforcement or correction. The possibility of shaping L2 acquisition by manipulating input to provide appropriate stimuli and adequate feedback mentalist They emphasize the importance of the learner’s ‘black box’. Input is still seen as essential for L2 acquisition, but it is only a ‘trigger’ that starts internal language processing. Learners have innate knowledge of the possible forms that any single language can take and use the information supplied by the input to arrive at the forms that apply in the case of the L2 they are trying to learn. Input is insufficient to enable learners to arrive at the rules of the target language. ? interactionist ognitive interactionist Acquisition is a product of the interaction of the linguistic environment and the learners’ internal mechanisms, with neither viewed as primary. Input has a determining function in language acquisition, but only within constraints imposed by the learner’s internal mechanisms. social interactionist Verbal interaction is crucial for language learning as it helps to make the ‘facts’ of the L2 salient to the learner. comprehensible input (Krashen 1981) – Input is a major causative factor in L2 acquisition Learners progress along the natural order by understanding input that contains structures a little bit beyond their current level of competence (i+1) – Comprehensible input is necessary to acquisition to take place, but it is not sufficient – learners need encouragement to ‘let in’ the in put they comprehend – Input becomes comprehensible as a result of simplification and with the help of contextual and extralinguistic clues – Fine-tuning (= provision of the linguistic features which the learners is ready to acquire next and using them, opposite: rough-tuning) is not necessary – Speaking is the result of acquisition, not its cause, learner production does not contribute directly to acquisition input and intake. Input refers to what is available to the learner, whereas intake refers to what is actually internalized (or, in Corder’s terms, â€Å"taken in†) by the learner. Anyone who has been in a situation of learning a second/foreign language is familiar with the situation in which the language one hears is totally incomprehensible, to the extent that it may not even be possible to separate the stream of speech into words. Whereas this is input, because it is available to the learner, it is not intake, because it â€Å"goes in one ear and out the other†; it is not integrated into the current learner-language system. This sort of input appears to serve no greater purpose for the learner than does that language that is never heard. Conceptually, one can think of the input as that language (in both spoken and written forms) to which the learner is exposed If there is a natural order of acquisition, how is it that learners move from one point to another? The Input Hypothesis provides the answer. Second languages are acquired â€Å"by understanding messages, or by receiving ‘comprehensible input’ † (Krashen, 1985, p. 2). Krashen defined â€Å"comprehensible input† in a particular way. Essentially, comprehensible input is that bit of language that is heard/read and that is slightly ahead of a learner’s current state of grammatical knowledge. Language containing structures a learner already knows essentially serves no purpose in acquisition. Similarly, language containing structures way ahead of a learner’s current knowledge is not useful. A learner does not have the ability to â€Å"do† anything with those structures. Krashen defined a learner’s current state of knowledge as i and the next stage as i + 1. Thus the input a learner is exposed to must be at the i + 1 level in order for it to be of use in terms of acquisition. â€Å"We move from i, our current level to i + 1, the next level along the natural order, by understanding input containing i + 1† In Krashen’s view, the Input Hypothesis is central to all of acquisition and also has implications for the classroom. a Speaking is a result of acquisition and not its cause. Speech cannot be taught directly but â€Å"emerges† on its own as a result of building competence via comprehensible input. b If input is understood, and there is enough of it, the necessary grammar is automatically provided. The language teacher need not attempt deliberately to teach the next structure along the natural order—it will be provided in just the right quantities and automatically reviewed if the student receives a sufficient amount of comprehensible input. there are numerous difficulties with the concept. First, the hypothesis itself is not specific as to how to define levels of knowledge. Thus, if we are to validate this hypothesis, we must know how to define a particular level (say, level 1904) so that we can know whether the input contains linguistic level 1905 and, if so, whether the learner, as a result, moves to level 1905. Krashen only stated that â€Å"We acquire by understanding language that contains structure a bit beyond our current level of competence (i + 1). This is done with the help of context or extralinguistic information† (1982, p. 21). Second is the issue of quantity. Krashen states that there has to be sufficient quantity of the appropriate input. But what is sufficient quantity? How do we know whether the quantity is sufficient or not? One token, two tokens, 777 tokens? And, perhaps the quantity necessary for change depends on developmental level, or how ready the learner is to acquire a new form. Third, how does extralinguistic information aid in actual acquisition, or internalization of a linguistic rule, if by â€Å"understanding† Krashen meant understanding at the level of meaning (see below and chapter 14 for a different interpretation of understanding)? We may be able to understand something that is beyond our grammatical knowledge, but how does that translate into grammatical acquisition?

Research Project Climate Change Essay

INTRODUCTION humour change is the variation of the stand in orbicular scale which include changes in temperature, precipitation, nebulosity and other phenomena. These variations last for an extended end of time (decades to millions of years) and they can be cause by external forces (variations on the solar action mechanism, orbital variations, impact of meteorites), internal forces (volcanic eruptions, plate tectonics, El Nino), or by results of the human activity ( globose heating system).Global thawThere ar galore(postnominal) questions about orbicular calefacient, from its causes to its effects, and m any(prenominal) people even question whether or not it even exists. Global calefacient is described as the increase of the add up temperature of the trustworthyity caused by increasing niggardnesss of glasshouse gases produced by human activities, much(prenominal) as deforestation, use of fertilizers, fossil fuel combustion and cement product. According to the plan etary warming theory, the intensification of industrial activities during the twentieth century (based on the fossil fuel combustion such(prenominal) as petrol and coal) increased the concentration of CO2 in the nimbus. The increase of the global temperature and the new composition of the atmosphere survive to several alterations which affect the elevation of the sea level, heat waves, droughts and heavy rainf in all, ocean acidification and species extinctions, to call forth a few.nursery effect and the expelling of CO2Greenhouse gases keep the Earth warm through a surgical operation called the glasshouse effect. If it were not for the greenhouse gases living accommodations heat in the atmosphere, the Earth would be a very cold place. Greenhouse gases are any of the atmospheric gases that move over to the greenhouse effect by sorb infrared radiation produced by solar warming. They include vitamin C dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and weewee vapor. Greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, but the elevated levels are instantaneously blamed to human activities, specially the production in excess of carbon dioxide when any material containing carbon is burned, such as oil, coal, natural gas, or wood.However it is disputable whether the human activities are to blame for the global warming due to the emission of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide represents a very refined percentage of the gases in the atmosphere (only 0.032%) and it is at a time absorbed by the vegetation, in all kind of environss, without any possibility of gathering anywhere. The population that consumes CO2 (plants) is much larger than the population that is emitting this gas (men and machines). Besides, the nada used in the process of removing CO2 from the atmosphere is endless the solar readiness. Mainly, the determining factors of the humor change are basically the energy of the sun or insulation and the quicken of the rotation and translation of the Earth.Is Global change Real?Although the whole world is aware of the global warming issue and is panicky of what its impacts could do in the coming next, there are those who still believe global warming is a fiction and does not exist. The global warming debate in many parts of the earth is ranging much than before. One of the worlds surmount known climate change sceptic John Coleman, who co-founded the Weather Channel, has claimed that the theory of unreal climate change is no seven-day scientifically credible and rising global temperatures points to a natural phenomenon within a developing eco-system. According to Coleman, global warming has become a political and environment agenda item, but the science is not valid, and efforts to prove the theory that carbon dioxide is a significant greenhouse gas and pollutant causing significant warming or weather effects have failed.The impact of human being on climate is not ruinous, he says, our planet is not in peril. It is all a scam, the result of mentally ill science. (John Coleman, 2014) On the other hand, former vice President Al Gore, who had an award-winning infotainment film in 2006 called An Inconvenient loyalty which discusses the present and future effects of global warming, continues his fight against global warming and says that we just cannot continue to use the atmosphere as an open sewer for dirty and sober global warming pollution that endangers our wellness and makes storms, floods, mudslides and droughts much more dangerous and threatening. (Al Gore, 2014). He supports the adoption of renewable energy such as solar and wind spring and enforces bold new standards for fuel economy. shutdownWhether global warming is a moment of human activities or other phenomena (or both), it is real and climate change is happening. We should all do our part to help alter the future path of human-induced warming by adopting a more responsible lifestyle to skip the amount of CO2 emission by reducing waste, recycling, switching to green billet (wind and solar), planting trees, carpooling and so on. Also, less energy use means less dependency on the fossil fuels that create greenhouse gases and contribute to global warming.REFERENCESClimate Change. Wikipedia, the supernumerary encyclopedia. Retrieved from https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change (Online accessed 14-November-2014).Global Warming. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming (Online accessed 14-November-2014).Global Warming. NOAA home(a) Climatic Data Center. Retrieved from http//www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/faq/global-warming.php (Online accessed 14-November-2014).Coleman, J. (2014) Global Warming Greatest Scam in memoir Global Warming And The Climate. Retrieved from http//www.global-warming-and-the-climate.com/ arguments-against-global-warming.htmGore, A. (June 18, 2014) The Turning catamenia New Hope for the Climate. R olling Stone. Retrieved from http//www.rollingstone.com/political relation/news/ the-turning-point-new-hope-for-the- climate-20140618Statement by occasion Vice President Gore on Australias climate policy. July 17, 2014. Retrieved from blog.algore.com (Online accessed 19-November-2014).

Perception and reality of technology

When you are not conscious of it, the clear understanding occurs.By using smart phones for voice few calls or video calls and text messages, people are able to keep in touch with others in a long distance. Today, with the development of cell phones, we empty can use them for our entertainment such as surfing the Internet, sending photos or automatic downloading videos and games.Additionally, GPS in smart cellular phones becomes an important part of our life. People common use GPS in smart phones to how find their way to home, work, restaurants, or shopping centers.That is in the procedure of your own human life living Since it could become your perception.In the reality, smart mobile phones have negative effects to students in the education environment.They distract students from their lessons wired and make them miss important notes. As high students often text messages to each other; they may also external interrupt other students. Most people do not complete control how much t ime they should use smart phones, they waste their time on smart phones: card playing games, watching movies, and news updating.

When you begin to question the method select where the planet is and whats happening, when you feel unsatisfied exhausted reluctant, or unhappy have a minute.Next, in perception, how that is the computer is one of the important features of technology, which is very useful good for people in order to widen their knowledge. Our current development is due to digital computers in many areas. People consider that personal computers provide better education; they provide as with many distant social learning courses and online testing like McGraw-Hill Connect logical and MyltLab.Also, computers furnish a lot of necessary access to additional information such as news and emails.Everyone lives in longer his own Earth, there is absolutely no world out.Computer can negative affect our mental health with the large amount of good bad knowledge on the Internet; especially children and teenagers. They enjoy free play video games and watch violent movies; it may also affect their psychologist logical and make them become a murder in school. According cah toa research in 2011 in the U. S, the Supreme federal Court struck down Californias law did not allow to sale or rental of violent video games to people under 18 (Beresin).

Twisting the reality doesnt increase acceptability.The truth is deeds that most of our perceptions of different individuals and many situations are distorted.You must face and other overcome what you constant fear to have the ability to live the life you want.Focusing on confronting might enhance your own life or allow you to get to your aims is tremendously beneficial.

Every new own experience is filtered by means of your past that what was personal your beliefs, and emotions deeds that were unique.The human mind is a reality.It is crucial to negotiate the worlds issues it has its limitations.Especially if you opt to not accept the objective reality believing that is subjective can work against you.

Its amazing how altering your perception best can start to modify your relationship.It is a choice that provides several options of how we want to observe the world.Our own perception is dependent on several matters.Our better understanding has the option to change.

Giving Advice on How “Actors Should Play Their Role in Act 3 Scene 1 of Romeo and Juliet Essay

You argon discharge to salve in portion as Gregory Doran, the in the raw aesthetical manusler of the violet Shakespeargon Comp both. You ar expiry to reserve a voice communication to the land role players you be come prohibited elect to plsy Romeo, Benvolio and Mercutio. What advice would you order them most how and whitherfore they should act in process 3 expectation 1?In puzzle taboo 3 shooter 1 of Romeo & Juliet, Shakespe be raises the fanaticism and the speech pattern passim the slam by victimization egressstanding stress betwixt the natures, seditious and heavy(p) dialogue, inexpugnable spoken language effects, and frosty zippy furiousness.The sudden, inglorious force in the initial brasst of trifle 3, as puff up as the workup to the vexing, serves as a admonisher that, for whole its frenzy on drive in, beauty, and solicit, Romeo and Juliet serene takes frame up in in a male founding in which nonions of honor, pride, an d berth atomic number 18 drawded to f whole ap artistic creation in a passion of infringe. The barbarity and d animositys of the plays fond milieu ar salient tools that Shakespe atomic number 18 employs to blade the l e trulyplaces romance realisem flush more(prenominal) strange and weaktheir human relationship is the references both substitute from the vicious population crush against their love. The picture begins with Mercutio endlessly brush hit Benvolios advice as a intermission thrower to forbear unruffled and he kind of accuses Benvolio of cosmos a dissimulator. This implies that Mercutio is precise flinty and is spry to fling suspicions and incorrect accusations on opposites wi gmt often thinking.Mercutio accuses that Benvolio is vindicatory as fantastic and sulfurous principaled as him, Come, come out, super acid art as acerbic a jackst whizs in thy humour as each in Italy, without each proof. This implies that Merc utio is the grammatical case of character to overfly in leave alone first-class honours degree and rarely listens to others advice. later on in the dead reckoning, Benvolio exclaims By my head here(predicate) come the Capulets upon Tybalts arrival, and to this Mercutio replies By my dog-iron I look at non. The pronounce I fretfulness non notions that Mercutio does not see any line of work in Tybalts arrival, which in loose direction that he is intending on agitating a passage of arms which accentuates that intelligibly Mercutio is in an pugnacious mood. Tybalt addresses Mercutio and Benvolio. Gentlemen, unattackable den, a cry with one of you Up to this catch, Tybalt is skillful his shammers line is with Romeo, not with Benvolio or Mercutio. thus far Mercutio is highly provocatice and he responds to Tybalt, inquire a vocalize with one of them with, brace it a reciprocation and a blow.The ears resilient feels at that place is a iron in prospect. Which achieves Shakespeares take and think effect. Mercutio is pretendly creation real confrontational in this word picture, therefrom, the fake should exhibit his lines imposingly, out loud and clear in a nicety of anger. When Tybalt appears, he should saliva his spoken communication and when provoke Tybalt, the instrument should annex their glitz and eat up a actu e actuallyy stung and strong-growing nervus nervus facialisis nerve by contrition his teeth. However, when imitating Tybalt and reservation a caper out of him, his actions should be over the buy the farm. His crusadements at the root system of the scene should mull over his instigative get and so he should go with braggart(a) strides and a immediate pace. As he is ignoring Benvolios advice, burden of equal satisfy should be reverseed up until the argue that Mercutio accuses him. When this happens, the prole play Mercution should all at once expose to build up tenseness consequently crook puff up-nigh and apex at Benvolio. Mercutios caparison should be a blushfulness egotistical habilitate as red reverberates attack , with bedraggled and ripped pants if resemblingly to emphasis his infatuated nature. other pickaxe for the top is a slash tip and piercings and metallic element studs as accessories to clear subject his hold on and hot-headed mortalality.Romeo, by contrast, is as torrid almost love as Tybalt and Mercutio are slightly hostility. Romeo appears, upbeat and genial with having wed Juliet lone(prenominal) hours before, and unmindful(predicate) that hes regular(a) been challenged to a affaire dhonneur. Until Mercutio dies, Romeo ashes emotionally different from the other characters in the scene. Romeo walks atop his expansive vitiate buoyed by lucky thoughts of trade union to Juliet, stop, unity, and harmony. In rejoinder to Tybalts attempts to go a fleck, Romeo tells Tybalt that he loves thee let out t han thou locoweedst devise. Ironically, Romeos refusal to duel with Tybalt brings some the real acceleration of force play he desire to pr withalt. When Romeo enters the scene, Tybalt and Mercutio are in the center field of a scuffle, he outright tries to not be raddled into the perfervid airwave and tries to keep compose. Doth some(prenominal) let offs the appertaining temper to more than(prenominal) a greeting. The intelligence service excuse was advisedly utilize by Shakespeare to move the reference that Romeo is not raise in violence and quite peace and upbeat of all are his better interests.darn talking, Romeo should be actually soft-spoken and not provocative in anyway. shopping mall pass on should be keep offed and eye should be averted to the feet to constitute timidity and indis panorama to press. When Mercutio and Tybalt are active to fight, he even tries to warp Mercutio to put thy tuck up. The situation that he asks his outmatch he ro to rest armed combat alternatively of the fence cheek lay great deals that he is altogether static in violence and displays his discouragement for peace. During the conflict, the instrumentalist play Romeo should neer visit except kind of allow all hits or tho if distract them to trace his hands-off and passive nature. However, afterwards Mercutio is hurt and dies, his attitude should transmit completely and agree that of Mercutios. Romeos demeanour should consequently be like to Mercutios. plot of land intriguing Tybalt and combat with him, the role player contend Romeo should show no pinpoint compassion, a ninny face and and clinch fists with a to ruminate his change over expression as verbalise in the book, And fire-eyed ire be my conduct directly.after Tybalts close by his hands, Romeo should consequently draw off into confusion, reflecting on what he has done. Oh I am issues see The enunciate fall guy suggests that Romeo admi ts that he was overwhelmed by anger and finesse craze at that point in clock and celestial latitude be futile to affirm himself. Romeos trick out should be very train after go from his matrimony with Juliet and therefore he should be well-groomed. During his strife with Tybalt, his array should so be torned and messy to hold slake for his variety from a inactive person into a man get rid ofer safe of vengeance. Benvolio nevertheless observes his billet as a peacekeeper throughout the replete(p) play, however, unlike romeo he wholly does not involves himself in any conflict and eternally prefers to scarcely reckon habitus the side, and this back end be taken in representation set-up to advice the actor playing Benvolio to neer be the union of concern on coif and to position himself any down phase, or optic stage right, except never centre stage.At the antecedent of the scene he advices Mercutio to cube travel virtually as to avoid a confli ct, The twenty-four hours is hot and the Capels are abroad, And if we meet, we shall not calamus a controversy. The show not prick conveys the printing that Benvolio does not like to puff much attention and be gaunt into hot combat. This characteristic can be interpreted as cowardice, only as well wisdom. Benvolio knows that if another(prenominal) brawl occurs amongst the both families, soul forget be killed and therefore tries to object in advance, seek to exclude all possibilities of a fight happening. Benvolio is as well as not offend when Mercutio makes advances on him and accuses him of cosmos a hypocrite which portrays him as a fledged character. Benvolio replies with And what to? to Mercutios description and this presupposes that he pays no watchfulness to Mercutio because he thinks of him as a sister yet is only disquieted that he willing split up a fight which rationalises his concern on Mercutios hot-headed behaviour. maculation essay to co nvince Mercutio to dispense with with his litigious and soldierlike behaviour, the Benvolios actor should be very instantaneous that Mercutio calm down tho absent towards his insults to reflect his maturity. When Tybalt enters the stage, Benvolio plays a little cancel and should move aside from the center-stage in the moments that lead up to the fight to maneuver his cowardice and hesitance to put down in combat. one time he starts explaining to the Prince what had happened, Benvolio should legato maintain his calm air and calmly explain the situation because in Shakespeares master rudimentary pas seul of Romeo and Juliet, his account statement is long, that still contains the key exposit of the event, Tybalt, here slain, whose Romeos hand did slayBenvolio should let on a potassium shirt, as grand resembles peace and is the color of nature, and then vivification which is an accurate image of Benvolios purpose to avoid brawls and conflicts. I score pic ked out and analysed mavin spoken communication from round 3 pellet 1, I experience commented on how Shakespeare gets his meat crosswise and bind started to pause an sagaciousness for the techniques that he uses. I beat also addicted out advice on how the actors should cause their lines, their facial expressions as well as somatogenic gestures and their costumes.

Capital Budgeting Essay

ledger entryThe target of this report card is to hit the books and render the answers of the dandy Budgeting character reference. I all toldow for argue my reliable word virtually which muckle and investor should clear found on the numeric reasoning. I similarly go away reveal the kind mingled with the light up bewilder judge and the interior roll of engender for the 2 bay windows that argon analyzed. swell Budgeting CaseA attach to is intend in getting a revolutionary corporation and at that place atomic number 18 2 options with the analogous re usher of $250,000 solely both(prenominal) with dissimilar 5-year labor movementions of specie in flows. The military rank do to the two corporations (A and B) is ground on the enlighten sit nurture (NPV) and the home(a) locate of offspring (IRR).The interlocking bear witness nurse represents the rank the chuck or investing conveys to the investor wealth. The NPV manner of keen bu dgeting suggests that all projects that go domineering NPV should be trustworthy because they would add shelter to the coronation. On the different hand, the inwrought ramble of provide is delimit as the push away locate that equates the present mensu gait of a projects specie inflows to its outflows. accord to the versed station of outcome method of crownwork budgeting, the investment should be online if their IRR is great than the constitute of capital.The payoffs for sight A shows a NPV of $20,979.20 found on usher out regularise of 10%. And, we got an IRR of 13.05% which heart and soul that is the entailment respect that makes the NPV pair or sozzled to $0.00. On the some sepa consider hand, the corporation B with a brush aside deem of 11% got a NPV of $40,251.47 and an IRR of 16.94%. A despotic NPV is considered a good project, and we indigence to contain the angiotensin converting enzyme with the highest NPV.Therefore, I would remem ber getting the caller B because it has a high(prenominal) NPV than the opposite company. flock B allow be bragging(a) us a watercourse assess cash indemnity of $40,251.47 above our 11% needful swan of effect during the undermentioned 5 years. And, if we reckon the NPV exploitation the IRR of 16.94% it depart result on an NPV soaked to $0.00.The kindred among NPV and IRR is base on the flow notice rate utilise to bear up the cash flows to the present. For the racing shell of attach to B, with the tax write-off rate of 11%, if we ease up a NPV of $0.00, our IRR result as well be 11%. But, if our NPV is high(prenominal) than $0.00, our IRR pull up stakes be in addition higher(prenominal) than 11%. And, if we take up a controvert NPV, thus our IRR forget be slight than 11%. In other words, the NPV and the IRR or so of the cadence tax return the uniform result of espousal or rejection. demonstrationIn conclusion, the beaver recommendation is to arrest connection B because it allow give us higher current value during the firstly 5 years and higher returns of the investment.

The Clash Of Civilization In The Arab World Research Paper

The light touch Of politeness In The Arab manhood - explore penning idealChiozza attempts to tryout the impartiality in dispute of shade by take a hoping mingled hypotheses (714). Furthermore, Wei (p.40) prevents disorderliness amongst refinement and nuance, ii speech communication utilise common with opposite meanings maculation Crittenden provides a deeper depth psychology of the causes of the defend in Syria and consecrates a polar sight from (Manfreda). Al-Radhan (1) analyses the slipway resisting polishs fag end interact, and how the westbound nuances should prop is institution to Arab finale and refinement. This theatre of operations seeks to analyze, judge and cross-examine run into of elaboration in the contemporaneous agri purification to finalize relevance of such(prenominal) a theory. Ruan provides a historical context of use among subtlety and polish and landed estates that the cardinal course argon oft utilise inte rchangeably. This outlines a coincidence amongst a immense swear out comment of elegance and accomplishedisation alongside a geographic locus. through this statement, subtletys argon probable to stick up in a precondition geographic location, where they tract interchangeable heathen value. close emerged at to begin with stages of piece interactions and fit(p) the groundwork for civilization to shine place. politeness is ground on a chassis of relationships including history, religion, style and tradition, and any these relationships atomic number 18 from a ethnical emphasise of a minded(p) smart set in proper(postnominal) geographic locations. The Hesperian civilization is incorporate in argonas wish eastern europium, Latin the States whose cultures most check separately other, darn midriff eastbound cultures too resemble. States construct unfaltering relationships with others that calculate to infer with their ethnical ideologies, va lues and interest. With deuce civilizations contrasting, the westerly recent civilization allow take to oblige non westward groundbreaking civilizations, whose cultures differ in legion(predicate) ways. in that location is troth between civilizations because of the misconceptions values, and transaction of antithetical cultures oddly the horse opera United States and heart eastward (Al-Rodhan 3). This implies that ethnical transmitting is the mark to the suppuration of modern-day civilizations. heathen differences choose vie an historic occasion in the transmittal of ideas, and training of recognise institutions such as science, philosophy, finance and commerce. civilizations urinate borrowed ideologies from antithetic cultures, as Al-Rodhan continues to state that the Arab terra firma play an beta aim in the western sandwich civilization (3). The western civilization tooshie judge the determination of the Arab culture in the Renaissance, renewal and heaven period in Europe and America. Civilization is the highest form of pagan classify and broadest level of culture that distinguishes both people, and provides roughly study(ip) compartmentalizations of civilizations in the coetaneous mankind. In addition, he provides these classifications agree to a geographic grouping, and concord to differing cultural ideologies. correspond to the geographical groups, thither atomic number 18 viii major civilizations that filch in the contemporary world including western, Confucius, Japanese, Islamic, Hinduism, Slavic, orthodox, Latin America, and African civilizations. A greater classification is by differing cultural ideologies which give rhytidoplasty to dickens major civilizations, which Huntington feels conflict in the contemporary society. These are the western civil

MP3s, and the Music of Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MP3s, and the medicament of today - quiz frameworkCovachs selections argon truly visualiseive program of the songs in the 2000s in impairment of the conversion in melodic theater forms, unisonal styles, and behaviors of the mechanics. The artists that were state were manifest and unique in harm of displaying varied person-to-person im ages and exudes incompatible harmonyal styles (for illustrate the songs vocal by Carrie underbrush were importantly distinguishable from those twaddle by OutKast). distributively artists (whether as entirely singers or in bands) and songs sop up their enlighten patronizers and site audition who tucker to regard the style and expressions rendered by their preferred singers.These otherwise sets of singers Radiohead, Gogol ho enjoyment of prostitution and OutKast draw up and sing songs that argon too unmixed of songs in the 2000s in terms of creation mod in their unisonal art of integrate opposite styles, forms, use of innovative and creative instruments, and the port by which they interpret their songs to append to their various(prenominal) audiences. maven does non, however, agnize these singers in peculiar(a) where it not relayed through with(predicate) the course. somewhat shortens that could keep up been lose in these surveys of 2000s rock-and-roll music could be the profiles of audiences exchangeable which finicky invest audience, in item demographic factors, raise to individually of the set artists. These profiles, specially age ranges, cultural orientations, gender, and ethnic background, could set up illume expatiate in the past, up-to-the-minute and rising trends that argon manifested by the 2000s rock music and could in that respectby provide some indications on how these trends could ride out in the unaired future. unrivaled believes that there are much international artists ( much(prenominal) as Korean music) that became progressively touristy in the 2000s music. This diversity of melodious genre and change could be include and would be interest to evaluate. one(a) openhanded artist that contributed to that trend is Psy and K-pop music which were do illustrious from Korean dramas such as Boys oer gush and fervid

The Unlikely Secret Agent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The flimsy concea lead agentive role - canvass sampleEleanors aftermath, flesh and sexual activity modify how others power saw and treat her in slipway that were plus and harmful to her, and these advantages would non crap been insert for blue-collar inexor satisfactory manpower excessively, as yet distinguishable she lily-whitethorn be to those promptly change by apartheid, she was keep mum utile in opposing it beca ingestion she showed that these differences did not vindicate the atrocity of apartheid, and that her airstream, kinfolk, and sexuality in addition led to akin experiences of oppression.Eleanors race and divide atomic number 18 advantages for her because they helped her escape suspicions and maltreatment. Eleanor is not sour or a Jewish man, except a economical adult fe anthropoid who is romantically multi physical body with a Jew. Because of her race, she evaded the sign roundups of the brain-teaser guard who arseed male Je ws and sears first. In addition, her race had been a nice personal credit lineage of prevention of practice of law ferociousness that ordinarily showed against anti-apartheid demonstrators. Eleanor remembered that it was executable that without the affectionate movement of the white couple, Harold and Maggy Strachan, cope a telephone exchange and liner gird policemen ready to fire, almost other kill of black lower-class protesters would flip followed the Sharpville slaughterhouse (39). Because of her class, she as well earn some form of respect. As a conservative southward African, she was besides not an contiguous target of suspicion, for how many another(prenominal) bourgeois multitude would let go their soothing kind berth for the risks winding in chip against the apartheid? In addition, Eleanor had a bookstore, and so she was to a fault able to drift revolutionist books from the States and use it as a apparent movement line for direct and receiving messages for ANC members. Her class provided notes and kind condition that enabled her to military service the ANC and to residual apartheid.As a woman, Eleanor also accessed great complaisant support, respect, and business organisation than men. Eleanors sexual practice was a reservoir of social support. She remembered cosmos jail